Italia Lucca 4 Duomo di San Martino

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Lucca
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Duomo di San Martino
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Known as the "City of a hundred churches", Lucca
is famous for its thick well-kept, tree-lined
city walls. Although the city limits have
expanded slightly beyond the boundaries of the
walls, the beauty of the ancient heart of the
city has been preserved for centuries.
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First constructed in 600, the cathedral of Saint
Martin underwent various rebuilding over the
centuries - up to obtaining some internal
reconstruction elements in Gothic style - a very
rare case for the region of Lucca.
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Since 1170 the Cathedral of St Martin in Lucca
contains the Holy Face (Volto Santo) - an
important object of the Pilgrimage route of Via
Francigena. There are also many others artistic
works inside the building, among which - the Tomb
of Ilaria del Carretto, and various works by the
artists of Lucca of the 14 century.
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Of the original structure, the great apse with
its tall columnar arcades and the fine campanile
remain. The nave and transepts of the cathedral
were rebuilt in the Gothic style in the 14th
century, while the west front was begun in 1204
by Guido Bigarelli of Como, and consists of a
vast portico of three magnificent arches, and
above them three ranges of open galleries adorned
with sculptures.
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Deposizione, portale del Duomo di Lucca by
Nicola Pisano)
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Saint Martin columns
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the statue of St. Martin
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The lower section has several corbels supported
by telemones, which once held free-standing
sculptures. All of these are now missing except
for the large statue of St. Martin on horseback,
dividing his cloak with a beggar. This statue on
the facade is a replica the original can be seen
inside the cathedral
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The sculptural decoration inside the portico was
begun in 1233 and uses pink, green and white
marble to magnificent effect. Each of the three
portals are topped with bas-reliefs on the
architrave and in the tympanum. Over the central
portal, the tympanum depicts the Ascension of
Christ, with the Virgin and Apostles on the
architrave below
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Deposizione, portale del Duomo di Lucca by
Nicola Pisano)
Romanesque sculptures of the lower portico
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Deposizione, portale del Duomo di Lucca by
Nicola Pisano)
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The maze is embedded in the right pier of the
portico and is believed to date from the 12th
century or 13th century. Its importance is that
it may well pre-date the famous Chartres maze,
yet is of the Chartres pattern that became a
standard for mazes. The rustic incised Latin
inscription refers to ancient pagan mythology
"This is the labyrinth built by Dedalus of Crete
all who entered therein were lost, save Theseus,
thanks to Ariadne's thread.
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There is a legend to explain why all the columns
of the façade are different. According to the
tale, when they were going to decorate it, the
inhabitants of Lucca announced a contest for the
best column. Every artist made a column, but then
the inhabitants of Lucca decided to take them
all, without paying the artists and used all the
columns.
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The overall design is very similar to that of
Lucca's San Michele in Foro, but here the loggia
is shorter and the inlaid marble has a few less
animals and a few more geometric designs. As at
San Michele, even the little columns are fully
decorated some with inlaid green marble designs,
some carved with geometric patterns, and some
covered in figurative sculptures.
San Michele in Foro
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Saint Martin columns
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San Michele in Foro columns
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In the nave a small octagonal temple or chapel
shrine contains the most precious relic in Lucca,
the Volto Santo di Lucca or Sacred Countenance.
This cedar-wood crucifix and image of Christ,
according to the legend, was carved by his
contemporary Nicodemus, and miraculously conveyed
to Lucca in 782. The chapel was built in 1484 by
Matteo Civitali, the most famous Luccan sculptor
of the early Renaissance
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Volto Santo di Lucca or Sacred Countenance.
Christ is clothed in the colobium, a long
sleeveless garment. On September 13th each year,
the entire walled city is lit only by candles as
a procession honors the Volto Santo. The
sculpture, heavily adorned with priceless jewels,
was carried through the city. To protect the
aging wood, the sculpture now remains in the
chapel. The jeweled decoration remains throughout
the period of the festival.
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the Volto Santo is truly an astounding piece of
art and further underscores the religious
importance of Lucca.
Silver model of the Volto Santo
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Domenico Ghirlandaio's Madonna and Child with
Saints Peter, Clement, Paul and Sebastian
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Fra Bartolomeo Madonna col Bambino fra i Santi
Giovanni Battista e Stefano (165 x 152 cm)
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Fra Bartolomeo (1472 - 1517) Madonna col Bambino
fra i Santi (details)
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The tomb of Ilaria del Carretto (1406-1413), by
Jacopo della Quercia Cathedral of Lucca
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Altare di San Regolo by Matteo Civitali
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The Museum of Saint Martin's Cathedral faces
Antelminelli Square.
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Text Internet Pictures Internet Andrei
Tischler All  copyrights  belong to their
 respective owners Presentation Sanda
Foisoreanu
2013
Sound Juan Diego Florez - Gratias
Agimus Tibi - from Messa di Gloria by Rossini