Bone Cancer: Understanding the Disease & Homeopathy Treatment Options

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INTRODUCTION

• Neoplasms of the musculoskeletal system are of
  various types, including osteogenic,
  chondrogenic, ?brogenic, muscle (rhabdomyogenic),
  and marrow (reticulum) cell tumors as well as
  nerve, vascular, and fatty cell tumors.
• They may be primary tumors or metastatic tumors
  from primary cancers elsewhere in the body (eg,
  breast, lung, prostate, kidney). Metastatic bone
  tumors are more common than primary bone tumors.

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TYPES

• Benign Bone Tumors
• are more common than malignant primary bone
  tumors
• generally are slow growing
• well circumscribed
• encapsulated

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OSTEOCHONDROMA

• most common benign bone tumor
• usually occurs as a large projection of bone at
  the end of long bones

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ECHONDROMA

• common tumor of the hyaline cartilage

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BONE CYST

• expanding lesions within the bone
• eg, aneurysmal bone cyst
• young adults
• eg. Unicameral (single cavity) bone cysts
• Children

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OSTEOID OSTEOMA

• painful tumor that occurs in children and young
  adults
• the neoplastic tissue is surrounded by reactive
  bone formation that can be identi?ed by x-ray

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GIANT CELL TUMORS (OSTEOCLASTOMAS)

• occur in young adults
• soft and hemorrhagic

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MALIGNANT BONE TUMORS

• Primary malignant musculoskeletal tumors are
  relatively rare and arise from connective and
  supportive tissue cells or bone marrow elements
  Malignant primary musculoskeletal tumors include

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CAUSES OF BONE CANCER

• The exact cause of bone cancer is unknown. Some
  common cause and risk factors of bone cancer are
  as follows-
• Any change in DNA can lead to development of
  abnormal cells.
• Some genetic disorder like multiple
  osteochondroma, Pagets disease can increase the
  risk of cancer.
• Certain cancer treatments, like radiation,
  chemotherapy can increase the risk of developing
  cancer.
• Bone cancer can also occur due to cancer that has
  spread from another part of body.
• Smoking, alcohol consumption may increase the
  risk of developing bone tumor.

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OSTEOSARCOMA

• (ie, osteogenic sarcoma)
• most common and most often fatal primary
  malignant bone tumor
• appears most frequently in
• children
• adolescents and young adults (in bones that grow
  rapidly)
• in older people with Pagets disease of the bone
• people with a prior history of radiation exposure
• Clinical manifestations typically include
• localized bone pain that may be accompanied by a
  tender, palpable soft tissue mass

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CHONDROSARCOMA

• Malignant tumors of the hyaline cartilage
• second most common primary malignant bone tumor
• large, bulky, tumors that may grow and
  metastasize slowly or very fast, depending on the
  characteristics of the tumor cells involved (ie,
  grade)
• occur in young adults and are soft and
  hemorrhagic
• When these tumors are well differentiated, large
  bloc excision or amputation of the affected
  extremity results in increased survival rates
• giant cell tumors may undergo malignant
  transformation and metastasize

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• Ewings sarcoma
• Fibrosarcoma
• Soft tissue sarcomas include
• Liposarcoma
• Fibrosarcoma of soft tissue
• Rhabdomyosarcoma

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METASTATIC BONE DISEASE

• more common than primary bone tumors
• Tumors arising from tissues elsewhere in the body
  may invade the bone and produce localized bone
  destruction (lytic lesions) or bone overgrowth
  (blastic lesions).

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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

• may be symptom-free or have pain that ranges from
  mild and occasional to constant and severe,
  varying degrees of disability, and, at times,
  obvious bone growth
• The tumor may be diagnosed only after pathologic
  fracture has
• It can progress rapidly or slowly

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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

• Weight loss
• Malaise
• fever
• With spinal metastasis, spinal cord compression
  may occur
• Neurologic de?cits must be identi?ed early and
  treated with decompressive laminectomy to prevent
  permanent spinal cord injury

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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

• progressive pain
• weakness
• gait abnormality
• paresthesia
• paraplegia
• urinary retention
• loss of bowel or bladder control

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Hypercalcemia is present with bone metastases

• Symptoms of hypercalcemia include
• muscle weakness
• Fatigue
• Anorexia
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Polyuria
• cardiac dysrhythmias
• seizures

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• coma. Hypercalcemia must be identi?ed and treated
  promptly
• incoordination
• constipation
• electrocardiographic changes (eg, shortened QT
  interval and ST segment, bradycardia, heart
  blocks)
• altered mental states (eg, confusion, lethargy,
  psychotic behavior)

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BONE CANCER HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT-

• Calc Flour
• Pain in affected bone or joint.
• Stiffness, swelling, tenderness, and sometimes
  redness in the area.
• Bone fractures.
• Night sweats.
• Fever.
• Fractures in bones weakened by cancer.
• Silicea
• Icy cold and sweaty feet.
• Stimulates reabsorption of fibrotic conditions
  and scar tissue.
• Bone diseases, caries, necrosis, and tumors.
• Ill effects of vaccinations.
• Suppurative processes.

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BONE CANCER HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT-

• Ruta
• Affects the periosteum and cartilages.
• Tendency for deposits on periosteum, tendons, and
  around joints.
• Pain throughout the body, as if bruised.
• Intense lassitude and weakness.
• Tenderness and pain in affected areas.
• Stiffness and pain in various bones.

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