Designing Triggers for Behavioural Change.

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Designing Triggers for Behavior Change

• MEC

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Contents

• Shikakeology.
• Shikakes.
• Shikake Examples.
• Goals of Shikakeology.
• Merits of Shikakeology.
• Research in Shikakeology.
• Comments.

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Shikakeology

• The Japanese Art of Shaping Behavior through
  Design.
• An entirely fresh way of thinking, living and
  connecting with others.
• Shikakeology pronounced as she-kä-ka-ology.
• Introduced by Dr. Naohiro Matsumura, Professor of
  Economics, Osaka University.
• Study of shikakes.

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Shikakeology

• Dr. Matsumura has divided 120 examples he has
  collected into which senses they tickle, which
  stimulae they employ, and other such columns on a
  spreadsheet to make it look like a hard science.
• Involves creativity and inspiration, based on
  demonstrated need to change the way people act.
• Shikakeology is observation, not equations.

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Shikakeology

• Has the potential to
• - sustain desirable behaviors.
• - induce behavioral change.
• - control impulses.
• - shape our personal habits.
• - boost professional success.
• - tackle social issues.
• - issues include public health and civic
• engagement.

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Shikake

• A Japanese word meaning a "device, mechanism,
  system, or trick.
• Not necessarily associated with psychological or
  behavioral modification.
• Represents physical and/or psychological trigger
  for implicit or explicit behavior change to solve
  problems.

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Shikakes

• Things that influence our behaviour, not through
  direct requests or demands but rather through
  mindful, pleasant designs that invite action.
• Are often simple.
• Help to change our consciousness and behavior.
• Development easier and less expensive than
  developing complicated engineering mechanisms.

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Purpose and Principles of Shikakes

• Induce spontaneous behavior.
• Aims to change behavior through a continuous
  engagement and transformation process.
• When people feel controlled or forced by someone
  or something to do something, they never do that
  again.

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Purpose and Principles of Shikakes

• If people desire and enjoy changing their
  behavior, they would do it repeatedly.
• Modifying a childs behavior can lead to success
  with adults.

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Shikake Examples

Cylinder
Pathway at Tennouji Zoo, Japan.
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Shikake Examples

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A Flame Urinal Target

Bulls Eye
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Diagonal Line across a Shelf of Binders

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Hallway Collision Preventer

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Garbage Bin with a Basketball Hoop

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More Examples

• Drawing of two eyes over the box where people are
  supposed to pay for their coffees increases
  payment, clean and easy.
• Putting a mirror over a rack full of flyers
  caused people to stop and check themselves out
  and take away flyers 2.5 times as often as when
  there is no mirror.

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More Examples

• A trash barrel that produces the sound of the
  trash falling for eight long seconds until it
  supposedly crashes onto the heap of other trash
  at the bottom has made people go and collect
  trash to throw in so they can hear the soundtrack
  again.
• Put mint flavor on tickets at the parking garage,
  people tend to put them in their mouths and
  continue on in, sales of mints increased in
  neighbouring stores.

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More Examples

• Painting stairs like piano keys and have sensors
  produce sounds as you stepped on the concrete
  keys.
• Rumble strips warn drivers theyre over the line.
  
• Roll bars placed at a hallway intersection
  prevent people cutting corners and bumping into
  each other.

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Goals of Shikakeology

• To codify the cause and effect of Shikake cases
  from physical and/or psychological points of
  view.
• To establish a Shikake design methodology.
• To share the knowledge, methods, experiments and
  findings that demonstrate triggers that motivate
  people and lead to behavior changes.

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Merits of Shikakeological Approach

• Low expertise.
• Address immediate problems without requiring
  specific expertise.
• Low cost.
• Wide range of target users.
• Long term continuous behavior change.
• An intelligence amplifier for new Artificial
  Intelligence platforms.

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Research in Shikakeology

• Research in Shikaleology deeply related to
  Artificial Intelligence.
• 1) interaction design of embodied-, situated-
• , and behavior-based intelligence.
• 2) definition of Shikake ontology and
• knowledge representation.
• 3) codifying Shikake cause and effect.
• 4) formalizing intelligent and adaptive
• Shikake algorithms for reasoning,
• planning, and learning.

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Comments

• Crowd control is the essence of society.
• Design out obstacles to safety and efficiency.
• The perpetrator gets the desired behavior, and
  the victims get a bit of entertainment.
• Its a fun read, and everyone can do it because
  everyone does.
• No hierarchy of successful attempts, combinations
  or theories.

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Comments

• Invent your own shikakes.
• Forge creative solutions to almost any problems
  we face.

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• It is wonderful that we can be so creative
  that we entertain while solving some annoyance in
  our lives. Simplicity can be extremely powerful,
  engaging our curiosity in ways that directly
  stated guidelines, or brute-force application of
  willpower, never will.

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Reference
Available Online
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