New Zealand Curious geological phenomenon

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Curious geological phenomenon

Presenter Notes
Kiwi is the nickname used internationally for
people from New Zealand, as well as being a
relatively common self-reference. The name
derives from the kiwi, a flightless bird, which
is native to, and the national symbol of, New
Zealand. The usage is not offensive, being
treated with pride and endearment as a uniquely
recognizable term for the people of New Zealand.

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Welcome to the land of Aotearoa
The Maori call New Zealand, Aotearoa which means
The land of the long white cloud. New Zealand
is located in Oceania, in the South Pacific
Ocean. The official languages in New Zealand are
English and Maori. The Capital city of New
Zealand is Wellington, located on the North Island

Presenter Notes
History

The first New Zealanders to be widely known as
Kiwis were the military. The Regimental Signs for
all New Zealand regiments feature the kiwi,
including those that fought in the Second Boer
War, then with the Australian and New Zealand
Army Corps in World War I.

Much of the interaction between regiments and
locals was done under the respective Regimental
Sign, and the kiwi came to mean first the men of
regiments and then all New Zealanders. Due to the
relative isolation of New Zealand, many troops
stayed in Europe (particularly at Beacon Hill,
near Bulford on the Salisbury Plain, where they
carved a chalk kiwi into the hill in 1918) for
months or years until transport home could be
arranged.



The Oxford English Dictionary gives the first use
of the 'Kiwi' to mean 'New Zealander' in 1918, in
the New Zealand Expeditionary Force Chronicles.
The nickname 'Kiwis' for New Zealand servicemen
eventually became common usage in all war theatres

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Moeraki, on the east coast of the South Island,
south of Oamaru, is known world wide for its
famous boulders. The boulders formed over
millions of years, but Moeraki has a human
history only a few hundred years old.

Presenter Notes
Following World War II the term was gradually
attributed to all New Zealanders and today,
throughout the world they are referred to as
Kiwis, as well as often referring to themselves
that way.

Spelling of the word Kiwi, when used to describe
the people, is often capitalized, and takes the
plural form Kiwis. The bird's name is spelt with
a lower-case k and, being a word of Maori origin,
normally stays as kiwi when pluralized. Thus, two
Kiwis refers to two people, whereas two kiwi
refers to two birds. This linguistic nicety is
well exemplified by the BNZ Save the Kiwi
Conservation Trust, which uses the slogan "Kiwis
saving kiwi".





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Presenter Notes
What became of Araiteuru

When Araiteuru arrived to the land of the long
white cloud, they explored the lands trying to
find a good place to settle.As they sailed down
along side the east coast of the South Island
trouble began to boil. Some of the men plunged
over board to make their way to land and became
mountains there. Maukatere (Mt Grey), Mt
Tapuaenuku, Tawera (Mt Torlesse), and Te Kiekie
(Mt Somers).

Being some crewmembers short Araiteuru was blown
mainly by Tawhiri Matea. Hipo the captain
remained calm for he knew without a doubt that
they were foresaken. As they came to Matakaea,
Shag Point three waves hit with terrible force
overturning the waka, and then to finish them off
a cross wave hit. Hipo stubbornly stayed with his
waka and became a reef. The waves all turned to
stone and are known Old Man Range, Raggedy Ann,
Rough Range and Horse Range.

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The Moeraki Spheres are huge spherical stones
that are scattered over the sandy beaches, but
they are not like ordinary round boulders that
have been shaped by rivers and pounding seas.
These boulders are classed as septarian
concretions, and were formed in ancient sea floor
sediments

Presenter Notes
The cargo was swept ashore near Moeraki and can
still be seen today as almost perfect round
boulders that were once eel pots, calabashes and
kumara. The rest of the crew struggled ashore and
grieved their losses. They were cold and although
battered and disheartened they set out to find
wood for a campfire that very night. There was
nothing to be found and Puketapu went further on
south to Matau, (Clutha River) where she found
many. She bundled them up tying them together
with a string of flax and a withe of toetoe
stalks and made her way back to their landing
place.

As she went some of her sticks loosened and fell
from her load. These sticks sprouted to be
forests. Dawn came quickly and Puketapu was
overcome by the light turning into a cone shaped
hill near Waihemo, (Palmerston). She is
recognized easily by the two gullies upon the
hill, one filled with flax bushes and the other
nothing but toetoe.

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They were created by a process similar to the
formation of oyster pearls, where layers of
material cover a central nucleus or core. For the
oyster, this core is an irritating grain of sand.
For the boulders, it was a fossil shell, bone
fragment, or piece of wood

Presenter Notes
Aonui was sent for the water and he set out with
two kelp bags. He travelled almost to
Invercargill before finding fresh drinking water
at the Mataura River and like Puketapu he was
caught by the rising suns rays and was turned
into a tall pillar of rock found on the
Tokomairiro Beach. On either side of the rock
there is kelp growing.

Kaitangata was the artist aboard Araiteuru and he
had bought his materials with him. When the sun
rose he became a hill where can be seen the red
ochre. The town is also known as Kaitangata.

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Lime minerals in the sea accumulated on the core
over time, and the concretion grew into perfectly
spherical shapes up to three meters in diameter

Presenter Notes
Pakihiwi-tahi, One-shoulder did not go far at
all. When he swam from the waka he was almost
immediately turned to stone. He is seen as a
lopsided hill between Waihemo and the sea.

Aoraki, Aorangi (Mt Cook) is the tallest mountain
in Aotearoa. It was said that one of the crew
carried his son upon his shoulders and with the
coming of light were turned into a mountain that
is why it is so massively tall.

Perhaps 150 mountains and ranges of the South
Island are said to be the crew members of
Araiteuru. The crew wandered far and wide and
with the coming dawn they were turned to
landmarks to remain forever.





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The original mudstone seabed has since been
uplifted to form coastal cliffs. Erosion of the
cliffs has released the three ton captive
boulders, which now lie in a haphazard jumble
across the beach

Presenter Notes
In Maori mythology, Araiteuru is the canoe in
which brought the ancestors the Ngai Tahu people
of the South Island. The canoe was conveyed to
New Zealand by the north-east wind, carrying the
chiefs Kirikiri-ka-tata, Aroarokaehe, Mangaatua,
Aoraki, Kakeroa, Te Horokoatu, Ritua,
Ngamautaurua, Pokohiwitahi, Puketapu, Te
Maro-tiri-a-te-rehu, Hikuroroa, Pahatea, Te
Waioteao, and Hapekituaraki. The fishing net and
the water gourd (calabash) of Araiteuru were
turned into stone at Moeraki in the South Island,
where they can still be seen. The canoe itself
remained at a place called Matakaea (Shag Point)
(Tregear 189120, White 1887-1891, II178-179).

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Further erosion in the atmosphere has exposed a
network of veins, which gives the boulders the
appearance of turtle shells. Similar boulders
occur at Shag Point, and the nearby swimming
beach of Katiki
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In Hawkes Bay in the North Island, scientists
have found that the central core of similar
boulders contained perfectly preserved skeletons
of turtles, sea snails and extinct reptiles, such
as plesiosaurs
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Scattered along the beach at Moeraki which is
some 40 kilometers south of Oamaru, the boulders
are a popular visitor attraction. The soft
mudstone containing the boulders was raised from
the sea bed around 15 million years ago and sea
erosion of the cliff is exposing the
erosion-resistant boulders
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Emerging from the cliff, as if being born from
the earth, the World famous Moeraki Boulders are
septerian concretions formed some 65 million
years ago. Crystallization of calcium and
carbonates around charged particles in muddy
undersea sediments gradually formed the boulders
in a process taking as long as four million years
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According to Maori legend, the origin of the
boulders dates from the loss of the Arai-te-uru,
one of the large sailing canoes that came from
distant Hawaiki. On her quest south for the
precious greenstone, the canoe was wrecked near
Shag Point (Matakaea)
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The reef which today extends seawards is the
canoe's petrified hull, while close by, in the
shape of a prominent rock, stands the petrified
body of her commander
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Strewn along the beach are the boulders which
represent the eel baskets, calabashes, and
kumaras washed ashore from the wreck. The name
Moeraki (Moerangi) means drowsy day
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So, this history goes back as far as the
legendary Arai-te-uru canoe, wrecked along the
coast while searching for the precious stone of
Te Wai Pounamu
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Moeraki makes a fascinating stopover point, both
for the dramatic coastal scenery and the curious
geological phenomenon on the beaches
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Moeraki has a long history of Maori occupation,
which is represented in the town today by the
Kotahitanga Maori Church and a pa site nearby.
This small seaport town was the first European
settlement in North Otago
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Behind the town a road leads to the lighthouse
where you can find a yellow-eyed penguin
sanctuary and a seal colony. There are other
walks of ecological interest around the coast,
and through the Trotters Gorge native forest.
South of Moeraki is the town of Palmerston, where
you can follow an historical scenic route to
Central Otago
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to their respective owners Presentation Sanda
Foisoreanu
Sound Te Vaka - Lelei ilo tenei (better than
this) Te Vaka - Sei Malelosa

Presenter Notes
Te Vaka is an Oceanic music group that performs
original contemporary Pacific music or "South
Pacific Fusion". The group was founded in 1995 by
Opetaia Foa'i in New Zealand.

They have toured the world constantly since 1997
and have won a number of awards including "Best
Pacific Music Album" award for their albums
Tutuki (2004) and Olatia (2007) from the New
Zealand Music Awards and "Best Pacific Group" in
the 2008 Pacific Music Awards They have also
been acclaimed by the BBC as "the world's most
successful band playing original contemporary
Pacific music."

Te Vaka is a group of eleven musicians and
dancers from Tokelau, Tuvalu, Samoa, Cook
Islands, and New Zealand brought together under
the inspired leadership of award winning
songwriter, Opetaia Foa'i. Te Vaka's music is
"grounded in the rhythms of the Pacific by the
use of pate (single and double log drums) and
pa'u (indigenous goat skin conga and bass
drums)." Most of their songs are written in the
Tokelauan language, with some also written in
Samoan and Tuvaluan languages. They have been
wowing international audiences since 1997,
presenting a rich, luscious mix of Polynesia's
ancient culture to the modern world.