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Title: Abadir ppt


1
HARAMAYA UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCINCE
HUMANITIESPROGRAM OF PEACE DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
The Role of Indigenous Institutions in Conflict
Transformation and Peacebuilding The Case of
East Hararge Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
BY ABADIR YOUYA MUSA PhD Research Proposal
Defense
College Social Sciences and Humanities Institute
of Peace and Development Studies Program PhD In
Peace and Development Studies (PDS)
Advisers M-ADVISOR MOHAMAD HASEN (PhD)
Chairpersons CO-PROF MINHAJ ALEM (PhD) Co
Adviser
FEBURARY 2025





YACOB CHEKA HIDATO ( PhD CO. Adverse
FEBURARY 2025
Haramaya university Ethiopia
2
General Outlines
  • 1.Introduction
  • Background of the Study
  • Statement of the Problem
  • Objectives
  • Scope of the Study
  • Significance of the Research
  • .Organization of the Proposal
  • Operational Definitions (Keywords)
  • 2.Literature Review and Related Works
  • .Research Gap and Conceptual Framework
  • 3.Research Design and Methodology
  • 4.Work Plan
  • 5.Budget Breakdown
  • .Conclusion
  • .END Presentation

3
Introduction
  • This section will explore the background of the
    study, outlining
  • The statement of the problem,
  • Core research questions, and primary objectives
  • Also, it will address the research's
    significance,
  • Its scope,
  • Operational definitions,
  • and the overall organization of the proposal.

4
Background of the Study (1)
  • There are many scholar write about definition of
    Conflict
  • Universal Nature of Conflict Conflict is a
    common phenomenon in human interactions,
    disrupting peace, security, and individual and
    group development
  • Concerning this Dinkessa (2017) emphasizes that
    conflict arises from uncertainties inherent in
    social dynamics.
  • Societal Factors Instigating Conflict Regarding
    this issue, Ikyas and Olisah (2014) identify that
    societal elements like corruption, poor
    governance, ethnic and religious tensions,
    boundary disputes, economic crises, leadership
    challenges, and lack of democracy instigate
    conflict within communities

5
Background of the Study (2)
  • Additionally, conflict can be precipitated by
    incompatible human needs, competition for scarce
    resources, and the dominance of one group over
    another (Assefa, 2005).
  • Addressing conflict is vey important for
    maintaining peace and fostering development
    within communities.
  • Societies employ diverse conflict resolution
    methods, including resolution, settlement,
    prevention, management, and transformation, to
    mitigate interpersonal and sociopolitical discord
    impacts. Osaghae (1996) notes that these
    strategies preempt conflict or control its
    consequences.

6
Background of the Study (3)
  • Conflict Transformation Focus on relationships,
    structures, and culture
  • According to Lederach(1997),conflict
    transformation reshapes relationships,
    establishes peace frameworks, and cultivates
    peace culture, emphasizing its comprehensive
    nature and close alignment with peacebuilding and
    conciliation.
  • Definition of Conflict Transformation is a
    multifaceted approach addressing individual,
    interpersonal, structural, and cultural conflict
    dimensions. Wertheim (2024) highlights it uses
    conflict's transformative potential to catalyze
    positive change
  • The holistic view of conflict transformation
    often referred to as a "systemic" approach
    emphasizes addressing the underlying dynamics and
    immediate issues, including altering actors,
    conflict agendas, interaction norms, and broader
    power structures to achieve deep-seated change

7
Background of the Study (4)
  • Understanding Indigenous Conflict Transformation
  • Rooted in local culture, values, and social
    structures, addressing the underlying causes of
    conflict effectively.
  • Focus on reconciliation, restoration of
    relationships, and community healing, promoting
    long-term peace.
  • Involves traditional leaders, elders, women, and
    youth, ensuring inclusivity and community
    ownership.
  • Employs culturally appropriate methods like
    dialogue, mediation, arbitration, and rituals,
    fostering understanding

8
Background of the Study (5)
  • In East Hararge, the persistence of conflicts
    related to land, water, and socio-economic issues
    necessitates a deeper understanding of the role
    of I.I.C.T
  • ICTM, such as the Gadaa system and Jaarsummaa,
    reflect deeply held cultural norms and foster
    inclusive participation, critical for social
    cohesion and long-term peace (Wang et al., 2023
  • The primary goal of (I I) frameworks in the
    domain of CT is to identify proper solutions to
    existing conflicts
  • These solutions are grounded in the values,
    norms, complexities, and cultural contexts of the
    affected society, and so hold significant
    relevance for the disputing parties (Rodríguez
    Inturias, 2018 Harriden, 2023).
  • (I.i's) prioritize repairing relationships and
    the preservation of social harmony over the
    exclusive application of legal or punitive
    measures

9
Statement of the Problem (1)
  • The role of I.I.CT and PB is a crucial issue in
    many parts of the world, including Ethiopia
  • In an era marked by globalization and
    transnational conflicts, understanding how I.I
    can address these challenges and promote peace
    across communities and borders is essential
    (Adams, 2018)
  • While contrasting CR and CT, we highlight the
    importance of ICT practices Conflict resolution
    focuses on quick fixes for short-term solutions
    and aims to stop conflict as soon as possible,
    often addressing only surface-level issues
  • CT, however, delves deeper by identifying and
    addressing the root causes that sustain
    conflicts, such as historical grievances,
    structural inequalities, or cultural
    misunderstandings (Galtung, 1996 Lederach, 1997
  • The existing literature conflates CR with CT,
    overlooking the deeper, structural shifts
    required for sustainable peace (Galtung, 1996).
    The lack of recognition of I.I in CT limits their
    potential impact
  • Many traditional or indigenous methods of CT are
    not well understood or recognized (Smith, 2019

10
Statement of the Problem (2)
  • While some studies focus on traditional
    mechanisms, there is insufficient research on
    their transformative potential within
    contemporary political frameworks.
  • This gap hinders policy development to integrate
    these systems more effectively into formal
    governance structures.
  • This lack of awareness impacts marginalized
    communities when indigenous methods are ignored,
    marginalized populations suffer more (Johnson,
    2021).
  • Then Supporting and recognizing indigenous
    institutional practices can empower local
    communities by strengthening their roles in
    conflict transformation, preserving cultural
    traditions, and fostering social cohesion
  • Ethiopia, a nation with diverse ethnic groups,
    has long used indigenous peacebuilding mechanisms
    to resolve various disputes, including those
    related to land, marriage, promises, trespassing,
    homicide, arson, injury, property damage,
    divorce, and succession.

11
Statement of the Problem (3)
  • The Oromo people, the largest ethnic group in
    Northeast Africa, have used multi-layered
    customary peacebuilding mechanisms to resolve
    social, political, and economic conflicts
  • For instance, the Gadaa system among the Oromo
    employs culturally relevant, participatory
    approaches emphasizing fairness, consensus, and
    inclusivity (Girma, 2017 Mohammed Zerihun,
    2022).
  • However, the Gadaa systems contribution to
    sustaining peace and security, particularly in
    East Hararge Zone of Oromia, remains
    underexplored
  • This study aims to fill this gap by investigating
    how (I.i)contribute to transforming conflicts and
    building peace in the East Hararge Zone community
  • Earlier studies in the East Hararge Zone have
    primarily focused on CR rather than CT approaches
  • For example, Shambel (2017) examined dispute
    resolution in Haramaya Woreda, while Nigusie
    (2013) analyzed the reintegrative role of
    traditional mechanisms in the Eastern Hararge
    Zone. Zigale Tamiru (2016 explored the role and
    challenges of indigenous conflict resolution in
    the Haramaya district

12
Statement of the Problem (4)
  • These studies approached conflict as a short-term
    phenomenon to be resolved permanently,
    overlooking the transformative potential of
    conflict to create constructive change processes
    that reduce violence and increase justice
    (Lederach, 1995, 2003).
  • In general, earlier studies in the East Hararge
    Zone have not adequately emphasized the role of
    IICT and PB. And no scholar who studied on the
    role of IICT and PB
  • The lack of a comprehensive understanding of the
    Gadaa systems role in CT has further limited its
    integration into modern PB frameworks
  • Several factors hinder the ability of II to TC
    and promote peace.
  • A key problem is trust, especially in
    collaborations between indigenous and state
    institutions to resolve conflicts

13
Statement of the Problem (5)
  • The lack of trust significantly hinders the
    effectiveness of indigenous institutions in the
    East Hararge Zone by eroding community trust in
    CT processes
  • The East Hararghe community is currently
    grappling with conflicts at both inter-household
    conflicts inter-group and intra-group levels,
    driven by socio-economic, cultural, and
    environmental factors such as land use and water
    access Climate change over farmland Resource
    Scarcity through erratic rainfall, droughts, and
    environmental degradation dispute are alarmingly
    increasing in the study area

14
Statement of the Problem (6)
  • Due to the complex nature of these conflicts,
    which are not solely managed by formal
    governmental institutions, but also indigenous
    institutions have proven to be effective solution
    for addressing intercommunal conflicts
  • These traditional systems, deeply rooted in local
    customs and cultural practices, have been
    instrumental in resolving disputes and fostering
    harmony within communities
  • This research proposal seeks to examine the role
    of indigenous institutions like the Gadaa system
    in conflict transformation and peacebuilding in
    the East Hararge Zone, Oromia Regional State,
    Ethiopia

15
Objectives of the Study
  • General Objective
  • The overall objective of this study is to
    critically investigate the role of I.ICT and PB
    in East Hararghe Zone of Oromia Regional State.
  • Specific Objectives
  • To explain the types and causes of conflict in
    the East Hararghe Zone oromiya regional state
    Ethiopia in conjunction with their historical
    origins
  • Discuss the major roles of the Gadaa system in
    indigenous conflict transformation and
    peacebuilding, and how do its governing
    structures, compositions, approaches, and
    mechanisms function in East Hararge Zone?
  • To assess the effectiveness of indigenous
    conflict transformation approaches in addressing
    both inter-community and intra-community
    disputes?
  • To examine the challenges and limitations faced
    by indigenous institutions in contemporary
    conflict Transformation and peacebuilding
    efforts?
  • To examine the mechanisms, values, and principles
    employed by these indigenous institutions in
    transforming conflicts and peace building social
    cohesion

16
Scope of the Study
  • This study investigates the role and limitations
    of I.ICT and PB in the East Hararge Zone of
    Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.
  • It aims to explore the types and causes of
    conflict, examine the governing structures and
    mechanisms of these institutions, and assess
    their effectiveness and challenges.
  • The research focuses on East Hararge Zone in the
    Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia, analyzing
    indigenous institutions like Gadaa and
    Jaarsummaa. The study employs qualitative methods
    such as interviews and focus group discussions,
    engaging local communities, indigenous leaders,
    and government officials
  • The findings will provide insights into the
    contribution of I.I to I.ICT and PB policies in
    the zone

17
Significance of the Study
  • This study will contribute to policy development
    by demonstrating how indigenous institutions can
    complement formal systems in conflict resolution.
    It will also provide insights into the role of
    traditional governance systems in fostering
    social cohesion, peacebuilding, and sustainable
    development in rural Ethiopia
  • Contribution to Policy and Knowledge
  • Significance for Development
  • Resource for Stakeholders
  • Support for Ethiopian Federalism.

18
Organization of the Proposal
  • 1.Introduction
  • Background of the study,
  • Problem of the statement,
  • objectives.
  • Scope of the Study
  • Significance of the Research
  • 2.Literature Review Theoretical frameworks and
    empirical studies.
  • 3.Methodology Research design, data collection
    methods.
  • 4. Ethical considerations
  • 5.Work plan and
  • 6 future work .budget. Plan

19
Operational Definitions (Keywords
  • Indigenous Institutions Traditional systems
    based on cultural values and social norms, such
    as the Gadaa system and Jaarsummaa (Asmerom,
    2019).
  • Conflict Transformation A long-term process
    aimed at addressing root causes and reshaping
    relationships (Lederach, 1997).
  • Peacebuilding A comprehensive approach aimed at
    creating sustainable peace by addressing the
    underlying causes of conflict (Galtung, 1996)
  • East Hararge Zone This is a key administrative
    region found in the Oromia Regional State of
    Ethiopia. It is characterized by its ethnically
    diverse population, including the Oromo,
  • Transformation refers to the fundamental and
    sustainable change in the dynamics of a conflict,
    including attitudes, relationships, power
    structures, and systems
  • Peacemaking refer to the principles and
    practices embraced by Eastern Hararghe
    communities as a part of the wider Gadaa System
    of Oromo population that promote conflict
    resolution, harmony, and reconciliation

20
CHAPTER TWOLiterature Review (1)
  • 2.1.Theoretical Review of Literature
  • 2.1.1 Review of Concepts of Conflict
  • According to Francis (2006), conflict appears
    when there is hostility among individuals,
    groups, or society due to competition for
    resources, authority, or divergent interests in
    various domains
  • Conflict has focused on the complex interplay
    between individual, group, and societal factors
    that contribute to its emergence and perpetuation
    (Creswell, 2017)
  • Additionally, conflict arises when two or more
    parties vie for the same limited resources
    simultaneously
  • This occurs in all social contexts and among
    individuals in several types of human
    relationships.
  • Due to the wide range of variations among
    individuals, the absence of conflict often
    signifies a lack of meaningful engagement. In and
    of itself, conflict is neither inherently
    positive nor negative.
  • However, whether a disagreement proves beneficial
    or detrimental depends on its management (Deutsch
    Coleman, 2000

21
Literature Review (2)
2.1.2. Concepts of peace terms
2.1.2.2. Peacekeeping (PK) The United Nations
(2021) defines peacekeeping operations to aid
countries in transitioning from conflict to
peace. Recent evaluations of peacekeeping
missions have highlighted the need for robust
mandates and adequate resources. Additionally,
the effectiveness of peacekeeping missions is
often contingent upon the cooperation of local
actors. A study by Fortna (2020) writes down that
peacekeeping forces are more successful when they
work collaboratively with local communities and
governments. Fortna's research suggests that
building trust and fostering relationships with
local stakeholders can significantly enhance the
legitimacy and effectiveness of peacekeeping
efforts
2.1.2.1. Peacebuilding (PB) For peacebuilding and
conflict transformation initiatives to be
sustainable, grassroots actors are essential.
Because of their strong relationships to the
local community, they are able to comprehend the
particular dynamics, cultural settings, and basic
causes of problems that top-down techniques
frequently miss By facilitating ongoing dialogue
and mediation, grassroots actors can resolve
complaints before they become more serious
disputes (Richmond, 2011).
2.1.2.3. Peace-making (PM) According to Zartman
(2019), successful peace-making requires a deep
understanding of the interests and motivations of
conflicting parties Peace-making refers to the
diplomatic efforts aimed at resolving conflicts
and setting up peace agreements For instance, a
study by Krause (2020) proves that peace
processes that involve a diverse range of
stakeholders, including marginalized groups, are
more likely to result in durable agreements
22
Literature Review (3)
2.1.3. Concepts of conflict terms
  • 2.1.3. 3.Conflict transformation (CT)
  • Conflict transformation is a comprehensive
    approach that looks to address the root causes of
    conflict while transforming the relationships and
    structures that sustain it
  • Unlike conflict resolution, which focuses on
    resolving specific disputes, conflict
    transformation aims to create positive, lasting
    change by promoting social justice, healing, and
    reconciliation (Lederach, 1997
  • Despite the rich history of indigenous conflict
    resolution in Ethiopia, existing literature often
    focuses on resolution rather than transformation,
    missing the broader potential of indigenous
    practices in peacebuilding
  • 2.1.3. 2. Conflict resolution (CR)
  • Conflict resolution focuses on finding mutually
    acceptable solutions to disputes. Deutsch (2020)
    posits that successful conflict resolution
    requires effective communication and negotiation
    skills
  • Recent empirical evidence supports the notion
    that mediation can significantly enhance the
    likelihood of resolving. For instance, a study by
    Susskind and Cruikshank (2021) shows that
    mediation processes that involve skilled
    mediators lead to higher rates of agreement among
    conflicting parties
  • Additionally, the impact of cultural factors on
    conflict resolution has been explored in recent
    research. A study by Avruch (2020) highlights
    that understanding cultural differences are
    essential for effective conflict resolution
  • 2.1.3.1.Conflict Management (CM)
  • Conflict management encompasses the strategies
    and processes employed to handle conflicts
    constructively
  • Fisher (2020) emphasizes that effective conflict
    management involves recognizing the underlying
    interests of the parties involved and helping
    dialogue to address these interests
  • Moreover, the role of communication in conflict
    management has been highlighted in recent
    literature. A study by Tjosvold et al. (2020)
    shows that open and honest communication can
    foster trust and cooperation among conflicting
    parties

23
Literature Review (4)
1.3. Review of Empirical literature
2.1.6. Indigenous Conflict Transformation
Mechanisms in Ethiopia (ICTMIE
  • 2.1.4. Indigenous conflict transformation
    mechanisms (ICTM
  • Indigenous conflict transformation mechanisms
    involve holistic, intuitive knowledge systems,
    utilizing storytelling and spiritual aspects,
    contrasting with analytical Western approaches
    focused on written evidence.
  • Indigenous knowledge systems incorporate diverse
    elements including knowledge impartation and
    practices (Grenier, 1998).
  • They provide intricate information and
    interpretations guiding human interactions with
    nature (Nakashima et al., 2000).
  • Indigenous approaches contrast with Western
    systems, typically characterized as analytical
    and reductionist (Grenier, 1998).
  • Indigenous knowledge relies on oral traditions
    like storytelling, singing, and dancing,
    contrasting the written, evidence-based nature of
    Western knowledge systems
  • Indigenous knowledge emphasizes spiritual and
    moral dimensions over written laws like
    international resolutions (UN Permanent Forum on
    Indigenous Issues, 2020).

2.1.5. Indigenous Conflict Transformation
Mechanisms in Africa (ICTMIA
  • Ethiopia's indigenous conflict transformation and
    peacebuilding mechanisms have significantly
    contributed to social cohesion among its diverse
    communities
  • The country, known for its multitude of cultures
    and over 80 ethnic groups, possesses unique
    conflict resolution practices that reflect its
    rich heritage. T. Kefale (2020) emphasizes that
    using home-grown conflict transformation methods
    is preferred over litigation due to their
    efficiency in addressing disputes
  • In Africa, traditional conflict transformation
    mechanisms (ICTM) focus on creating unified
    social fabrics and enduring peace rather than
    mere conflict resolution (Tsega, 2002
  • These institutions function at the village level,
    managing local governance, resource mobilization,
    community security, and conflict resolution
    (Donnelly-Roark et al., 2001).
  • In countries like Zimbabwe and Nigeria,
    traditional institutions blend with local
    governance systems, overseeing spiritual guidance
    and natural resource management (Blom, 2000
    Serra, 2001).
  • They encourage community participation and
    cooperation, fostering compliance without
    coercion (Mowo et al., 2011)..

24
Literature Review (5)
Indigenous Conflict Transformation Mechanisms in
Ethiopia (ICTMIE
2.2. Theoretical Frameworks
  • Ethiopias indigenous conflict transformation
    mechanisms, particularly through elders, promote
    stability amid ethnic diversity. Practices like
    jaarsummaa, Gumaa, and Siinqee foster grassroots
    peacebuilding, addressing various disputes while
    embedding traditional values in modern
    initiatives, thus enhancing societal resilience
    and cultivating a profound, sustainable culture
    of peace.
  • The blending of traditional values and modern
    peace initiatives nurtures resilience and
    promotes a culture of peace while addressing
    current issues and establishing sustainable
    coexistence.
  • In the Somali National Regional State, elders
    significantly contribute to grassroots
    peacebuilding, guiding local administrations on
    security matters
  • In Oromia, indigenous mechanisms like jaarsummaa
    resolve a range of conflicts, from land disputes
    to marital issues. Key figures include jaarsa
    biyyaa (community elders) and jaarsa araaraa
    (conflict resolution elders), who mediate
    disputes effectively.
  • The Gumaa practice reconciles blood feuds, while
    Siinqee allows married women to engage in
    conflict resolution
  • Theoretical frameworks for conflict resolution
    and transformation offer critical insights into
    addressing disputes across various contexts
  • Key concepts, such as John Paul Lederach's
    conflict transformation, stress the importance of
    addressing both immediate issues and deeper
    relational patterns (Lederach, 2003).
  • They incorporate diverse disciplinary
    perspectives, focusing on concepts like
    Lederach's conflict transformation, which
    addresses immediate and deeper relational issues
  • Analyzing causes such as power imbalances and
    identity, these frameworks promote strategies for
    conflict resolution and long-term social change
    through collaborative dialogue and systemic
    change, highlighting individual and collective
    agency in achieving sustainable peace

25
Literature Review (6)
2.2.1. Conflict Transformation Theory (CTT)
Post-modernism Theory
  • Conflict Transformation Theory (CTT), developed
    by Lederach (1997), emphasizes addressing root
    causes of conflict rather than just its symptoms.
    It views conflict as an opportunity for social
    change.
  • In East Hararge, indigenous institutions employ
    traditional conflict transformation methods with
    cultural significance, like community gatherings
    and elders' councils.
  • These practices promote dialogue to resolve
    disputes and foster understanding and
    reconciliation among parties. The relational
    approach focuses on building trust, transforming
    hostility into cooperation (Lederach, 1997)

Social Capital Theory
  • Social Capital Theory (SCT), illustrated by
    Putnam (1993), highlights the significance of
    social networks and norms in promoting
    cooperation in communities. High social capital
    correlates with better governance and outcomes.
  • In the East Hararge Zone, indigenous institutions
    serve as social networks that foster trust and
    facilitate community gatherings, enhancing social
    ties
  • This interconnectedness enables collaborative
    conflict resolution, with research indicating
    that higher social capital correlates with
    reduced conflict rates, emphasizing the
    importance of these networks
  • Postmodernism promotes a more localized and
    context-specific understanding of social
    processes by contesting the predominance of
    universal, frequently Western-centric viewpoints
    (Lyotard, 1984)
  • Postmodernism enables this study to concentrate
    on indigenous knowledge systems, cultural
    practices, and community-based conflict
    resolution methods without imposing external
    biases by dismantling conventional power
    structures and narratives

26
Literature Review (7)
2.2.4. Cultural theory of conflict (CTC
2.2.5 Indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) theory
(IKS)
2.2.6 Transformative justice theory (TJT)
  • Cultural Theory of Conflict (CTC), proposed by
    Douglas (1982), explores how cultural values
    shape conflict perceptions
  • In East Hararge, Oromo indigenous institutions
    embody these cultural norms, emphasizing
    community harmony in conflict resolution.
    Practices like "sarus" serve to mediate disputes,
    focusing on collective well-being over
    individualism
  • These culturally relevant methods foster trust
    and acceptance among community members, improving
    conflict resolution outcomes
  • This theory emphasizes the importance of healing
    and reconciliation over punitive measures.
  • This approach focuses on addressing the needs of
    victims and fostering accountability among
    offenders in a way that promotes relational
    repair (Zehr, 2002).
  • The practices of indigenous institutions in East
    Hararge align closely with transformative justice
    principles. Mediation processes often involve
    community rituals prioritizing healing and
    restoring relationships, rather than assigning
    blame or punishment.
  • Their holistic and culturally resonant approaches
    promote healing and cooperation, highlighting the
    importance of indigenous systems in achieving
    sustainable peace
  • Theory emphasizes the importance of local
    knowledge in tackling social issues through
    holistic approaches that incorporate
    environmental, social, and economic factors
    (Davis Ransom, 2012
  • IKS employs a holistic approach, merging
    environmental, social, and economic factors in
    decision-making
  • In East Hararge, indigenous institutions leverage
    local customs for effective conflict mediation
    and community legitimacy

27
Literature Review (8)
Research Gap
Conceptual framework
  • The research gap focuses on Indigenous
    institutions in conflict transformation and
    peace-building within the East Hararge community,
    Oromia region
  • While previous studies have explored traditional
    dispute resolution mechanisms (Shamble, 2017
    Nigusie, 2013 Zigale Tamiru, 2016), practices in
    achieving social cohesion within Ethiopian
    communities, specifically within east Hararge
    zone community there is no recent study that has
    examined their role of the Indigenous institution
    in conflict transformation and peacebuilding
  • Previous research has not sufficiently analyzed
    how these mechanisms contribute to broader
    peacebuilding processes, leading to a limited
    understanding of their effectiveness in fostering
    long-term peace
  • Despite studies on Indigenous conflict
    resolution, the transformative potential of these
    mechanisms for peacebuilding remains
    underexplored.
  • - Previous research tends to view conflict
    negatively, focusing on termination rather than
    as an opportunity for constructive change
  • The conceptual framework illustrates the dynamic
    interplay among conflict, engaged institutions,
    and the conditions necessary for transformative
    peacebuilding.
  • It posits that conflict not only arises from
    various sociopolitical and cultural factors but
    also prompts the engagement of indigenous
    institutions, which act as mediators.
  • These institutions, such as elder councils and
    customary courts, employ culturally rooted
    methods like restorative justice to facilitate
    conflict resolution and foster trust within
    communities.
  • The engagement of these institutions directly
    impacts the conditions conducive to
    transformative peacebuilding, which include
    truth-seeking and inclusivity.
  • Such conditions promote long-term stability and
    reconciliation, ultimately leading to sustainable
    peace.
  • The framework emphasizes that the transform of
    conflict through indigenous institutions
    significantly shapes the pathways to effective
    peacebuilding, highlighting the cyclical
    relationship where conflict influences
    institutional engagement and, in turn, the
    conditions for fostering enduring peace

28
Chapter Three Research Design and
Methodology Description of the Study Area
Method Description
Location East Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Borders Bale (SW), West Hararghe (W), Dire Dawa (N), Somali Region (N, E)
Key Features Gara Muleta (Highest Point), Babille Elephant Sanctuary
Population 2,723,850 (Oromo 50.43, Somali 48.31, Amhara 2.26)
Languages Oromo (60.6), Somali (38.92)
Religion Islam (96.51)
Focus Areas Meta, Kombolicha, Haramaya, Jarso (districts), Deder (town)
Conflict Challenges Rapid growth, climate change, resource conflicts, rising crime
Indigenous Institutions Gadaa System, Jaarsummaa
29
Research Design
Method Description
Research Design /Type Phenomenological research design or Approach Focus On understanding individuals' experiences and interpretations
Research Approach Qualitative Methods Includes face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions, Indirect observation , library work
Data Collection Interviews, FGDs, Indirect Observation and library work
Flexibility Iterative research process Allows for the development of new questions and procedures as research progresses
30
Research Paradigm
Research Method /Aspect Details
Research Approach Qualitative and Interpretivist Emphasizes understanding subjective meanings of social phenomena or Social Constructivist
Method Open-Ended Questions Captures diverse perspectives from participants
Reality Construction Social Constructivism Highlights how individuals construct their realities based on experiences
31
Population, Sampling Methods Sample Size
Method /Aspect Details
Study Population Study Population Representatives from indigenous institutions, conflicting groups, and government officials
Sampling Method Purposive Sampling Selected based on conflict intensity and functionality of indigenous institutions
Key informants Selection Criteria Key Informants Chosen for their knowledge and involvement in conflict transformation and peacebuilding
Sample Size Determined by data saturation
32
Data Collection Methods
Method Description
Interviews Semi-structured and in-depth interviews with key informants
FGDs Conducted with diverse groups to gather varied perspectives.
Indirect Observation Field observations in settings where indigenous institutions operate or Field visits to traditional courts meetings
Library Work Secondary data from published research and government reports. Review of research articles, reports, archives
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Methods of Data Analysis
Method /Aspect Details /Description
Analysis Type Content Analysis Organizing data, identifying themes, and interpreting findings
Steps Interpretive Methods Organizing data, identifying themes, coding, interpretation
Techniques Triangulation, Clustering, Pattern Recognition
Validation Ensuring reliability validity Pattern Recognition Identifying patterns within qualitative data to draw conclusions
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Ethical Considerations
Method /Aspect Details/ Description
Approval Obtained from relevant stakeholders before data collection
Informed Consent Participants provide verbal and written consent.
Confidentiality Maintaining anonymity and respecting participants' rights.
Respect Unbiased language, privacy protection
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Work Plan 1
No Activities Duration
1 Intensive Reading and Proposal Preparation Jan 13, 2025 - Jan 29, 2025
2 Proposal Presentation July 30, 2025
3 Amendment of Proposal Feb 10 - 20, 2025
4 Preparation of Data Gathering Tools March 01 - 30, 2025
5 Field Work April 01, 2025 - May 30, 2025
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Work Plan 2
6 Data Management June 01 - 31, 2025
7 Data Analysis and Interpretation Jan 01, 2025 - March 30, 2025
8 Writing the First Draft April 01, 2025 - May 31, 2025
9 Collecting Comments from Advisors June 01 - 31, 2025
10 Writing the Final Draft July 01 - August 31, 2025
11 Submitting the Final Draft November 2025
12 Presentation of the Dissertation TBD by HU Postgraduate Program Directorate
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Future Work and Budget Breakdown
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Ethical Considerations
  • Informed Consent Participants will be informed
    about the studys purpose (Bryman, 2016).
  • Confidentiality Anonymity of participants will
    be maintained.
  • Cultural Sensitivity Respecting indigenous
    customs and traditions.
  • Approval Ethical clearance will be obtained from
    the university ethics board.

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No Activities Duration
1 Intensive Reading and Proposal Preparation Jan 13, 2025 - Jan 29, 2025
2 Proposal Presentation July 30, 2025
3 Amendment of Proposal Feb 10 - 20, 2025
4 Preparation of Data Gathering Tools March 01 - 30, 2025
5 Field Work April 01, 2025 - May 30, 2025
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