Abadir ppt

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HARAMAYA UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCINCE
HUMANITIESPROGRAM OF PEACE DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
The Role of Indigenous Institutions in Conflict
Transformation and Peacebuilding The Case of
East Hararge Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
BY ABADIR YOUYA MUSA PhD Research Proposal
Defense
College Social Sciences and Humanities Institute
of Peace and Development Studies Program PhD In
Peace and Development Studies (PDS)
Advisers M-ADVISOR MOHAMAD HASEN (PhD)
Chairpersons CO-PROF MINHAJ ALEM (PhD) Co
Adviser
FEBURARY 2025





YACOB CHEKA HIDATO ( PhD CO. Adverse
FEBURARY 2025
Haramaya university Ethiopia
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General Outlines

• 1.Introduction
• Background of the Study
• Statement of the Problem
• Objectives
• Scope of the Study
• Significance of the Research
• .Organization of the Proposal
• Operational Definitions (Keywords)
• 2.Literature Review and Related Works
• .Research Gap and Conceptual Framework
• 3.Research Design and Methodology
• 4.Work Plan
• 5.Budget Breakdown
• .Conclusion
• .END Presentation

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Introduction

• This section will explore the background of the
  study, outlining
• The statement of the problem,
• Core research questions, and primary objectives
• Also, it will address the research's
  significance,
• Its scope,
• Operational definitions,
• and the overall organization of the proposal.

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Background of the Study (1)

• There are many scholar write about definition of
  Conflict
• Universal Nature of Conflict Conflict is a
  common phenomenon in human interactions,
  disrupting peace, security, and individual and
  group development
• Concerning this Dinkessa (2017) emphasizes that
  conflict arises from uncertainties inherent in
  social dynamics.
• Societal Factors Instigating Conflict Regarding
  this issue, Ikyas and Olisah (2014) identify that
  societal elements like corruption, poor
  governance, ethnic and religious tensions,
  boundary disputes, economic crises, leadership
  challenges, and lack of democracy instigate
  conflict within communities

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Background of the Study (2)

• Additionally, conflict can be precipitated by
  incompatible human needs, competition for scarce
  resources, and the dominance of one group over
  another (Assefa, 2005).
• Addressing conflict is vey important for
  maintaining peace and fostering development
  within communities.
• Societies employ diverse conflict resolution
  methods, including resolution, settlement,
  prevention, management, and transformation, to
  mitigate interpersonal and sociopolitical discord
  impacts. Osaghae (1996) notes that these
  strategies preempt conflict or control its
  consequences.

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Background of the Study (3)

• Conflict Transformation Focus on relationships,
  structures, and culture
• According to Lederach(1997),conflict
  transformation reshapes relationships,
  establishes peace frameworks, and cultivates
  peace culture, emphasizing its comprehensive
  nature and close alignment with peacebuilding and
  conciliation.
• Definition of Conflict Transformation is a
  multifaceted approach addressing individual,
  interpersonal, structural, and cultural conflict
  dimensions. Wertheim (2024) highlights it uses
  conflict's transformative potential to catalyze
  positive change
• The holistic view of conflict transformation
  often referred to as a "systemic" approach
  emphasizes addressing the underlying dynamics and
  immediate issues, including altering actors,
  conflict agendas, interaction norms, and broader
  power structures to achieve deep-seated change

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Background of the Study (4)

• Understanding Indigenous Conflict Transformation
• Rooted in local culture, values, and social
  structures, addressing the underlying causes of
  conflict effectively.
• Focus on reconciliation, restoration of
  relationships, and community healing, promoting
  long-term peace.
• Involves traditional leaders, elders, women, and
  youth, ensuring inclusivity and community
  ownership.
• Employs culturally appropriate methods like
  dialogue, mediation, arbitration, and rituals,
  fostering understanding

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Background of the Study (5)

• In East Hararge, the persistence of conflicts
  related to land, water, and socio-economic issues
  necessitates a deeper understanding of the role
  of I.I.C.T
• ICTM, such as the Gadaa system and Jaarsummaa,
  reflect deeply held cultural norms and foster
  inclusive participation, critical for social
  cohesion and long-term peace (Wang et al., 2023
• The primary goal of (I I) frameworks in the
  domain of CT is to identify proper solutions to
  existing conflicts
• These solutions are grounded in the values,
  norms, complexities, and cultural contexts of the
  affected society, and so hold significant
  relevance for the disputing parties (Rodríguez
  Inturias, 2018 Harriden, 2023).
• (I.i's) prioritize repairing relationships and
  the preservation of social harmony over the
  exclusive application of legal or punitive
  measures

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Statement of the Problem (1)

• The role of I.I.CT and PB is a crucial issue in
  many parts of the world, including Ethiopia
• In an era marked by globalization and
  transnational conflicts, understanding how I.I
  can address these challenges and promote peace
  across communities and borders is essential
  (Adams, 2018)
• While contrasting CR and CT, we highlight the
  importance of ICT practices Conflict resolution
  focuses on quick fixes for short-term solutions
  and aims to stop conflict as soon as possible,
  often addressing only surface-level issues
• CT, however, delves deeper by identifying and
  addressing the root causes that sustain
  conflicts, such as historical grievances,
  structural inequalities, or cultural
  misunderstandings (Galtung, 1996 Lederach, 1997
• The existing literature conflates CR with CT,
  overlooking the deeper, structural shifts
  required for sustainable peace (Galtung, 1996).
  The lack of recognition of I.I in CT limits their
  potential impact
• Many traditional or indigenous methods of CT are
  not well understood or recognized (Smith, 2019

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Statement of the Problem (2)

• While some studies focus on traditional
  mechanisms, there is insufficient research on
  their transformative potential within
  contemporary political frameworks.
• This gap hinders policy development to integrate
  these systems more effectively into formal
  governance structures.
• This lack of awareness impacts marginalized
  communities when indigenous methods are ignored,
  marginalized populations suffer more (Johnson,
  2021).
• Then Supporting and recognizing indigenous
  institutional practices can empower local
  communities by strengthening their roles in
  conflict transformation, preserving cultural
  traditions, and fostering social cohesion
• Ethiopia, a nation with diverse ethnic groups,
  has long used indigenous peacebuilding mechanisms
  to resolve various disputes, including those
  related to land, marriage, promises, trespassing,
  homicide, arson, injury, property damage,
  divorce, and succession.

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Statement of the Problem (3)

• The Oromo people, the largest ethnic group in
  Northeast Africa, have used multi-layered
  customary peacebuilding mechanisms to resolve
  social, political, and economic conflicts
• For instance, the Gadaa system among the Oromo
  employs culturally relevant, participatory
  approaches emphasizing fairness, consensus, and
  inclusivity (Girma, 2017 Mohammed Zerihun,
  2022).
• However, the Gadaa systems contribution to
  sustaining peace and security, particularly in
  East Hararge Zone of Oromia, remains
  underexplored
• This study aims to fill this gap by investigating
  how (I.i)contribute to transforming conflicts and
  building peace in the East Hararge Zone community
• Earlier studies in the East Hararge Zone have
  primarily focused on CR rather than CT approaches
• For example, Shambel (2017) examined dispute
  resolution in Haramaya Woreda, while Nigusie
  (2013) analyzed the reintegrative role of
  traditional mechanisms in the Eastern Hararge
  Zone. Zigale Tamiru (2016 explored the role and
  challenges of indigenous conflict resolution in
  the Haramaya district

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Statement of the Problem (4)

• These studies approached conflict as a short-term
  phenomenon to be resolved permanently,
  overlooking the transformative potential of
  conflict to create constructive change processes
  that reduce violence and increase justice
  (Lederach, 1995, 2003).
• In general, earlier studies in the East Hararge
  Zone have not adequately emphasized the role of
  IICT and PB. And no scholar who studied on the
  role of IICT and PB
• The lack of a comprehensive understanding of the
  Gadaa systems role in CT has further limited its
  integration into modern PB frameworks
• Several factors hinder the ability of II to TC
  and promote peace.
• A key problem is trust, especially in
  collaborations between indigenous and state
  institutions to resolve conflicts

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Statement of the Problem (5)

• The lack of trust significantly hinders the
  effectiveness of indigenous institutions in the
  East Hararge Zone by eroding community trust in
  CT processes
• The East Hararghe community is currently
  grappling with conflicts at both inter-household
  conflicts inter-group and intra-group levels,
  driven by socio-economic, cultural, and
  environmental factors such as land use and water
  access Climate change over farmland Resource
  Scarcity through erratic rainfall, droughts, and
  environmental degradation dispute are alarmingly
  increasing in the study area

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Statement of the Problem (6)

• Due to the complex nature of these conflicts,
  which are not solely managed by formal
  governmental institutions, but also indigenous
  institutions have proven to be effective solution
  for addressing intercommunal conflicts
• These traditional systems, deeply rooted in local
  customs and cultural practices, have been
  instrumental in resolving disputes and fostering
  harmony within communities
• This research proposal seeks to examine the role
  of indigenous institutions like the Gadaa system
  in conflict transformation and peacebuilding in
  the East Hararge Zone, Oromia Regional State,
  Ethiopia

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Objectives of the Study

• General Objective
• The overall objective of this study is to
  critically investigate the role of I.ICT and PB
  in East Hararghe Zone of Oromia Regional State.
• Specific Objectives
• To explain the types and causes of conflict in
  the East Hararghe Zone oromiya regional state
  Ethiopia in conjunction with their historical
  origins
• Discuss the major roles of the Gadaa system in
  indigenous conflict transformation and
  peacebuilding, and how do its governing
  structures, compositions, approaches, and
  mechanisms function in East Hararge Zone?
• To assess the effectiveness of indigenous
  conflict transformation approaches in addressing
  both inter-community and intra-community
  disputes?
• To examine the challenges and limitations faced
  by indigenous institutions in contemporary
  conflict Transformation and peacebuilding
  efforts?
• To examine the mechanisms, values, and principles
  employed by these indigenous institutions in
  transforming conflicts and peace building social
  cohesion

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Scope of the Study

• This study investigates the role and limitations
  of I.ICT and PB in the East Hararge Zone of
  Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.
• It aims to explore the types and causes of
  conflict, examine the governing structures and
  mechanisms of these institutions, and assess
  their effectiveness and challenges.
• The research focuses on East Hararge Zone in the
  Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia, analyzing
  indigenous institutions like Gadaa and
  Jaarsummaa. The study employs qualitative methods
  such as interviews and focus group discussions,
  engaging local communities, indigenous leaders,
  and government officials
• The findings will provide insights into the
  contribution of I.I to I.ICT and PB policies in
  the zone

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Significance of the Study

• This study will contribute to policy development
  by demonstrating how indigenous institutions can
  complement formal systems in conflict resolution.
  It will also provide insights into the role of
  traditional governance systems in fostering
  social cohesion, peacebuilding, and sustainable
  development in rural Ethiopia
• Contribution to Policy and Knowledge
• Significance for Development
• Resource for Stakeholders
• Support for Ethiopian Federalism.

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Organization of the Proposal

• 1.Introduction
• Background of the study,
• Problem of the statement,
• objectives.
• Scope of the Study
• Significance of the Research
• 2.Literature Review Theoretical frameworks and
  empirical studies.
• 3.Methodology Research design, data collection
  methods.
• 4. Ethical considerations
• 5.Work plan and
• 6 future work .budget. Plan

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Operational Definitions (Keywords

• Indigenous Institutions Traditional systems
  based on cultural values and social norms, such
  as the Gadaa system and Jaarsummaa (Asmerom,
  2019).
• Conflict Transformation A long-term process
  aimed at addressing root causes and reshaping
  relationships (Lederach, 1997).
• Peacebuilding A comprehensive approach aimed at
  creating sustainable peace by addressing the
  underlying causes of conflict (Galtung, 1996)
• East Hararge Zone This is a key administrative
  region found in the Oromia Regional State of
  Ethiopia. It is characterized by its ethnically
  diverse population, including the Oromo,
• Transformation refers to the fundamental and
  sustainable change in the dynamics of a conflict,
  including attitudes, relationships, power
  structures, and systems
• Peacemaking refer to the principles and
  practices embraced by Eastern Hararghe
  communities as a part of the wider Gadaa System
  of Oromo population that promote conflict
  resolution, harmony, and reconciliation

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CHAPTER TWOLiterature Review (1)

• 2.1.Theoretical Review of Literature
• 2.1.1 Review of Concepts of Conflict
• According to Francis (2006), conflict appears
  when there is hostility among individuals,
  groups, or society due to competition for
  resources, authority, or divergent interests in
  various domains
• Conflict has focused on the complex interplay
  between individual, group, and societal factors
  that contribute to its emergence and perpetuation
  (Creswell, 2017)
• Additionally, conflict arises when two or more
  parties vie for the same limited resources
  simultaneously
• This occurs in all social contexts and among
  individuals in several types of human
  relationships.
• Due to the wide range of variations among
  individuals, the absence of conflict often
  signifies a lack of meaningful engagement. In and
  of itself, conflict is neither inherently
  positive nor negative.
• However, whether a disagreement proves beneficial
  or detrimental depends on its management (Deutsch
  Coleman, 2000

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Literature Review (2)
2.1.2. Concepts of peace terms
2.1.2.2. Peacekeeping (PK) The United Nations
(2021) defines peacekeeping operations to aid
countries in transitioning from conflict to
peace. Recent evaluations of peacekeeping
missions have highlighted the need for robust
mandates and adequate resources. Additionally,
the effectiveness of peacekeeping missions is
often contingent upon the cooperation of local
actors. A study by Fortna (2020) writes down that
peacekeeping forces are more successful when they
work collaboratively with local communities and
governments. Fortna's research suggests that
building trust and fostering relationships with
local stakeholders can significantly enhance the
legitimacy and effectiveness of peacekeeping
efforts
2.1.2.1. Peacebuilding (PB) For peacebuilding and
conflict transformation initiatives to be
sustainable, grassroots actors are essential.
Because of their strong relationships to the
local community, they are able to comprehend the
particular dynamics, cultural settings, and basic
causes of problems that top-down techniques
frequently miss By facilitating ongoing dialogue
and mediation, grassroots actors can resolve
complaints before they become more serious
disputes (Richmond, 2011).
2.1.2.3. Peace-making (PM) According to Zartman
(2019), successful peace-making requires a deep
understanding of the interests and motivations of
conflicting parties Peace-making refers to the
diplomatic efforts aimed at resolving conflicts
and setting up peace agreements For instance, a
study by Krause (2020) proves that peace
processes that involve a diverse range of
stakeholders, including marginalized groups, are
more likely to result in durable agreements
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Literature Review (3)
2.1.3. Concepts of conflict terms

• 2.1.3. 3.Conflict transformation (CT)
• Conflict transformation is a comprehensive
  approach that looks to address the root causes of
  conflict while transforming the relationships and
  structures that sustain it
• Unlike conflict resolution, which focuses on
  resolving specific disputes, conflict
  transformation aims to create positive, lasting
  change by promoting social justice, healing, and
  reconciliation (Lederach, 1997
• Despite the rich history of indigenous conflict
  resolution in Ethiopia, existing literature often
  focuses on resolution rather than transformation,
  missing the broader potential of indigenous
  practices in peacebuilding

• 2.1.3. 2. Conflict resolution (CR)
• Conflict resolution focuses on finding mutually
  acceptable solutions to disputes. Deutsch (2020)
  posits that successful conflict resolution
  requires effective communication and negotiation
  skills
• Recent empirical evidence supports the notion
  that mediation can significantly enhance the
  likelihood of resolving. For instance, a study by
  Susskind and Cruikshank (2021) shows that
  mediation processes that involve skilled
  mediators lead to higher rates of agreement among
  conflicting parties
• Additionally, the impact of cultural factors on
  conflict resolution has been explored in recent
  research. A study by Avruch (2020) highlights
  that understanding cultural differences are
  essential for effective conflict resolution

• 2.1.3.1.Conflict Management (CM)
• Conflict management encompasses the strategies
  and processes employed to handle conflicts
  constructively
• Fisher (2020) emphasizes that effective conflict
  management involves recognizing the underlying
  interests of the parties involved and helping
  dialogue to address these interests
• Moreover, the role of communication in conflict
  management has been highlighted in recent
  literature. A study by Tjosvold et al. (2020)
  shows that open and honest communication can
  foster trust and cooperation among conflicting
  parties

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Literature Review (4)
1.3. Review of Empirical literature
2.1.6. Indigenous Conflict Transformation
Mechanisms in Ethiopia (ICTMIE

• 2.1.4. Indigenous conflict transformation
  mechanisms (ICTM
• Indigenous conflict transformation mechanisms
  involve holistic, intuitive knowledge systems,
  utilizing storytelling and spiritual aspects,
  contrasting with analytical Western approaches
  focused on written evidence.
• Indigenous knowledge systems incorporate diverse
  elements including knowledge impartation and
  practices (Grenier, 1998).
• They provide intricate information and
  interpretations guiding human interactions with
  nature (Nakashima et al., 2000).
• Indigenous approaches contrast with Western
  systems, typically characterized as analytical
  and reductionist (Grenier, 1998).
• Indigenous knowledge relies on oral traditions
  like storytelling, singing, and dancing,
  contrasting the written, evidence-based nature of
  Western knowledge systems
• Indigenous knowledge emphasizes spiritual and
  moral dimensions over written laws like
  international resolutions (UN Permanent Forum on
  Indigenous Issues, 2020).

2.1.5. Indigenous Conflict Transformation
Mechanisms in Africa (ICTMIA

• Ethiopia's indigenous conflict transformation and
  peacebuilding mechanisms have significantly
  contributed to social cohesion among its diverse
  communities
• The country, known for its multitude of cultures
  and over 80 ethnic groups, possesses unique
  conflict resolution practices that reflect its
  rich heritage. T. Kefale (2020) emphasizes that
  using home-grown conflict transformation methods
  is preferred over litigation due to their
  efficiency in addressing disputes

• In Africa, traditional conflict transformation
  mechanisms (ICTM) focus on creating unified
  social fabrics and enduring peace rather than
  mere conflict resolution (Tsega, 2002
• These institutions function at the village level,
  managing local governance, resource mobilization,
  community security, and conflict resolution
  (Donnelly-Roark et al., 2001).
• In countries like Zimbabwe and Nigeria,
  traditional institutions blend with local
  governance systems, overseeing spiritual guidance
  and natural resource management (Blom, 2000
  Serra, 2001).
• They encourage community participation and
  cooperation, fostering compliance without
  coercion (Mowo et al., 2011)..

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Literature Review (5)
Indigenous Conflict Transformation Mechanisms in
Ethiopia (ICTMIE
2.2. Theoretical Frameworks

• Ethiopias indigenous conflict transformation
  mechanisms, particularly through elders, promote
  stability amid ethnic diversity. Practices like
  jaarsummaa, Gumaa, and Siinqee foster grassroots
  peacebuilding, addressing various disputes while
  embedding traditional values in modern
  initiatives, thus enhancing societal resilience
  and cultivating a profound, sustainable culture
  of peace.
• The blending of traditional values and modern
  peace initiatives nurtures resilience and
  promotes a culture of peace while addressing
  current issues and establishing sustainable
  coexistence.
• In the Somali National Regional State, elders
  significantly contribute to grassroots
  peacebuilding, guiding local administrations on
  security matters
• In Oromia, indigenous mechanisms like jaarsummaa
  resolve a range of conflicts, from land disputes
  to marital issues. Key figures include jaarsa
  biyyaa (community elders) and jaarsa araaraa
  (conflict resolution elders), who mediate
  disputes effectively.
• The Gumaa practice reconciles blood feuds, while
  Siinqee allows married women to engage in
  conflict resolution

• Theoretical frameworks for conflict resolution
  and transformation offer critical insights into
  addressing disputes across various contexts
• Key concepts, such as John Paul Lederach's
  conflict transformation, stress the importance of
  addressing both immediate issues and deeper
  relational patterns (Lederach, 2003).
• They incorporate diverse disciplinary
  perspectives, focusing on concepts like
  Lederach's conflict transformation, which
  addresses immediate and deeper relational issues
• Analyzing causes such as power imbalances and
  identity, these frameworks promote strategies for
  conflict resolution and long-term social change
  through collaborative dialogue and systemic
  change, highlighting individual and collective
  agency in achieving sustainable peace

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Literature Review (6)
2.2.1. Conflict Transformation Theory (CTT)
Post-modernism Theory

• Conflict Transformation Theory (CTT), developed
  by Lederach (1997), emphasizes addressing root
  causes of conflict rather than just its symptoms.
  It views conflict as an opportunity for social
  change.
• In East Hararge, indigenous institutions employ
  traditional conflict transformation methods with
  cultural significance, like community gatherings
  and elders' councils.
• These practices promote dialogue to resolve
  disputes and foster understanding and
  reconciliation among parties. The relational
  approach focuses on building trust, transforming
  hostility into cooperation (Lederach, 1997)

Social Capital Theory

• Social Capital Theory (SCT), illustrated by
  Putnam (1993), highlights the significance of
  social networks and norms in promoting
  cooperation in communities. High social capital
  correlates with better governance and outcomes.
• In the East Hararge Zone, indigenous institutions
  serve as social networks that foster trust and
  facilitate community gatherings, enhancing social
  ties
• This interconnectedness enables collaborative
  conflict resolution, with research indicating
  that higher social capital correlates with
  reduced conflict rates, emphasizing the
  importance of these networks

• Postmodernism promotes a more localized and
  context-specific understanding of social
  processes by contesting the predominance of
  universal, frequently Western-centric viewpoints
  (Lyotard, 1984)
• Postmodernism enables this study to concentrate
  on indigenous knowledge systems, cultural
  practices, and community-based conflict
  resolution methods without imposing external
  biases by dismantling conventional power
  structures and narratives

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Literature Review (7)
2.2.4. Cultural theory of conflict (CTC
2.2.5 Indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) theory
(IKS)
2.2.6 Transformative justice theory (TJT)

• Cultural Theory of Conflict (CTC), proposed by
  Douglas (1982), explores how cultural values
  shape conflict perceptions
• In East Hararge, Oromo indigenous institutions
  embody these cultural norms, emphasizing
  community harmony in conflict resolution.
  Practices like "sarus" serve to mediate disputes,
  focusing on collective well-being over
  individualism
• These culturally relevant methods foster trust
  and acceptance among community members, improving
  conflict resolution outcomes

• This theory emphasizes the importance of healing
  and reconciliation over punitive measures.
• This approach focuses on addressing the needs of
  victims and fostering accountability among
  offenders in a way that promotes relational
  repair (Zehr, 2002).
• The practices of indigenous institutions in East
  Hararge align closely with transformative justice
  principles. Mediation processes often involve
  community rituals prioritizing healing and
  restoring relationships, rather than assigning
  blame or punishment.
• Their holistic and culturally resonant approaches
  promote healing and cooperation, highlighting the
  importance of indigenous systems in achieving
  sustainable peace

• Theory emphasizes the importance of local
  knowledge in tackling social issues through
  holistic approaches that incorporate
  environmental, social, and economic factors
  (Davis Ransom, 2012
• IKS employs a holistic approach, merging
  environmental, social, and economic factors in
  decision-making
• In East Hararge, indigenous institutions leverage
  local customs for effective conflict mediation
  and community legitimacy

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Literature Review (8)
Research Gap
Conceptual framework

• The research gap focuses on Indigenous
  institutions in conflict transformation and
  peace-building within the East Hararge community,
  Oromia region
• While previous studies have explored traditional
  dispute resolution mechanisms (Shamble, 2017
  Nigusie, 2013 Zigale Tamiru, 2016), practices in
  achieving social cohesion within Ethiopian
  communities, specifically within east Hararge
  zone community there is no recent study that has
  examined their role of the Indigenous institution
  in conflict transformation and peacebuilding
• Previous research has not sufficiently analyzed
  how these mechanisms contribute to broader
  peacebuilding processes, leading to a limited
  understanding of their effectiveness in fostering
  long-term peace
• Despite studies on Indigenous conflict
  resolution, the transformative potential of these
  mechanisms for peacebuilding remains
  underexplored.
• - Previous research tends to view conflict
  negatively, focusing on termination rather than
  as an opportunity for constructive change

• The conceptual framework illustrates the dynamic
  interplay among conflict, engaged institutions,
  and the conditions necessary for transformative
  peacebuilding.
• It posits that conflict not only arises from
  various sociopolitical and cultural factors but
  also prompts the engagement of indigenous
  institutions, which act as mediators.
• These institutions, such as elder councils and
  customary courts, employ culturally rooted
  methods like restorative justice to facilitate
  conflict resolution and foster trust within
  communities.
• The engagement of these institutions directly
  impacts the conditions conducive to
  transformative peacebuilding, which include
  truth-seeking and inclusivity.
• Such conditions promote long-term stability and
  reconciliation, ultimately leading to sustainable
  peace.
• The framework emphasizes that the transform of
  conflict through indigenous institutions
  significantly shapes the pathways to effective
  peacebuilding, highlighting the cyclical
  relationship where conflict influences
  institutional engagement and, in turn, the
  conditions for fostering enduring peace

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Chapter Three Research Design and
Methodology Description of the Study Area
Method Description
Location East Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Borders Bale (SW), West Hararghe (W), Dire Dawa (N), Somali Region (N, E)
Key Features Gara Muleta (Highest Point), Babille Elephant Sanctuary
Population 2,723,850 (Oromo 50.43, Somali 48.31, Amhara 2.26)
Languages Oromo (60.6), Somali (38.92)
Religion Islam (96.51)
Focus Areas Meta, Kombolicha, Haramaya, Jarso (districts), Deder (town)
Conflict Challenges Rapid growth, climate change, resource conflicts, rising crime
Indigenous Institutions Gadaa System, Jaarsummaa
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Research Design
Method Description
Research Design /Type Phenomenological research design or Approach Focus On understanding individuals' experiences and interpretations
Research Approach Qualitative Methods Includes face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions, Indirect observation , library work
Data Collection Interviews, FGDs, Indirect Observation and library work
Flexibility Iterative research process Allows for the development of new questions and procedures as research progresses
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Research Paradigm
Research Method /Aspect Details
Research Approach Qualitative and Interpretivist Emphasizes understanding subjective meanings of social phenomena or Social Constructivist
Method Open-Ended Questions Captures diverse perspectives from participants
Reality Construction Social Constructivism Highlights how individuals construct their realities based on experiences
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Population, Sampling Methods Sample Size
Method /Aspect Details
Study Population Study Population Representatives from indigenous institutions, conflicting groups, and government officials
Sampling Method Purposive Sampling Selected based on conflict intensity and functionality of indigenous institutions
Key informants Selection Criteria Key Informants Chosen for their knowledge and involvement in conflict transformation and peacebuilding
Sample Size Determined by data saturation
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Data Collection Methods
Method Description
Interviews Semi-structured and in-depth interviews with key informants
FGDs Conducted with diverse groups to gather varied perspectives.
Indirect Observation Field observations in settings where indigenous institutions operate or Field visits to traditional courts meetings
Library Work Secondary data from published research and government reports. Review of research articles, reports, archives
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Methods of Data Analysis
Method /Aspect Details /Description
Analysis Type Content Analysis Organizing data, identifying themes, and interpreting findings
Steps Interpretive Methods Organizing data, identifying themes, coding, interpretation
Techniques Triangulation, Clustering, Pattern Recognition
Validation Ensuring reliability validity Pattern Recognition Identifying patterns within qualitative data to draw conclusions
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Ethical Considerations
Method /Aspect Details/ Description
Approval Obtained from relevant stakeholders before data collection
Informed Consent Participants provide verbal and written consent.
Confidentiality Maintaining anonymity and respecting participants' rights.
Respect Unbiased language, privacy protection
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Work Plan 1
No Activities Duration
1 Intensive Reading and Proposal Preparation Jan 13, 2025 - Jan 29, 2025
2 Proposal Presentation July 30, 2025
3 Amendment of Proposal Feb 10 - 20, 2025
4 Preparation of Data Gathering Tools March 01 - 30, 2025
5 Field Work April 01, 2025 - May 30, 2025
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Work Plan 2
6 Data Management June 01 - 31, 2025
7 Data Analysis and Interpretation Jan 01, 2025 - March 30, 2025
8 Writing the First Draft April 01, 2025 - May 31, 2025
9 Collecting Comments from Advisors June 01 - 31, 2025
10 Writing the Final Draft July 01 - August 31, 2025
11 Submitting the Final Draft November 2025
12 Presentation of the Dissertation TBD by HU Postgraduate Program Directorate
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Future Work and Budget Breakdown
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Ethical Considerations

• Informed Consent Participants will be informed
  about the studys purpose (Bryman, 2016).
• Confidentiality Anonymity of participants will
  be maintained.
• Cultural Sensitivity Respecting indigenous
  customs and traditions.
• Approval Ethical clearance will be obtained from
  the university ethics board.

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No Activities Duration
1 Intensive Reading and Proposal Preparation Jan 13, 2025 - Jan 29, 2025
2 Proposal Presentation July 30, 2025
3 Amendment of Proposal Feb 10 - 20, 2025
4 Preparation of Data Gathering Tools March 01 - 30, 2025
5 Field Work April 01, 2025 - May 30, 2025
40
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