Title: Abadir ppt
1HARAMAYA UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCINCE
HUMANITIESPROGRAM OF PEACE DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
The Role of Indigenous Institutions in Conflict
Transformation and Peacebuilding The Case of
East Hararge Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
BY ABADIR YOUYA MUSA PhD Research Proposal
Defense
College Social Sciences and Humanities Institute
of Peace and Development Studies Program PhD In
Peace and Development Studies (PDS)
Advisers M-ADVISOR MOHAMAD HASEN (PhD)
Chairpersons CO-PROF MINHAJ ALEM (PhD) Co
Adviser
FEBURARY 2025
YACOB CHEKA HIDATO ( PhD CO. Adverse
FEBURARY 2025
Haramaya university Ethiopia
2General Outlines
- 1.Introduction
- Background of the Study
- Statement of the Problem
- Objectives
- Scope of the Study
- Significance of the Research
- .Organization of the Proposal
- Operational Definitions (Keywords)
- 2.Literature Review and Related Works
- .Research Gap and Conceptual Framework
- 3.Research Design and Methodology
- 4.Work Plan
- 5.Budget Breakdown
- .Conclusion
- .END Presentation
3Introduction
- This section will explore the background of the
study, outlining - The statement of the problem,
- Core research questions, and primary objectives
- Also, it will address the research's
significance, - Its scope,
- Operational definitions,
- and the overall organization of the proposal.
4 Background of the Study (1)
- There are many scholar write about definition of
Conflict - Universal Nature of Conflict Conflict is a
common phenomenon in human interactions,
disrupting peace, security, and individual and
group development - Concerning this Dinkessa (2017) emphasizes that
conflict arises from uncertainties inherent in
social dynamics. - Societal Factors Instigating Conflict Regarding
this issue, Ikyas and Olisah (2014) identify that
societal elements like corruption, poor
governance, ethnic and religious tensions,
boundary disputes, economic crises, leadership
challenges, and lack of democracy instigate
conflict within communities
5Background of the Study (2)
- Additionally, conflict can be precipitated by
incompatible human needs, competition for scarce
resources, and the dominance of one group over
another (Assefa, 2005). - Addressing conflict is vey important for
maintaining peace and fostering development
within communities. - Societies employ diverse conflict resolution
methods, including resolution, settlement,
prevention, management, and transformation, to
mitigate interpersonal and sociopolitical discord
impacts. Osaghae (1996) notes that these
strategies preempt conflict or control its
consequences.
6Background of the Study (3)
- Conflict Transformation Focus on relationships,
structures, and culture - According to Lederach(1997),conflict
transformation reshapes relationships,
establishes peace frameworks, and cultivates
peace culture, emphasizing its comprehensive
nature and close alignment with peacebuilding and
conciliation. - Definition of Conflict Transformation is a
multifaceted approach addressing individual,
interpersonal, structural, and cultural conflict
dimensions. Wertheim (2024) highlights it uses
conflict's transformative potential to catalyze
positive change - The holistic view of conflict transformation
often referred to as a "systemic" approach
emphasizes addressing the underlying dynamics and
immediate issues, including altering actors,
conflict agendas, interaction norms, and broader
power structures to achieve deep-seated change
7Background of the Study (4)
- Understanding Indigenous Conflict Transformation
- Rooted in local culture, values, and social
structures, addressing the underlying causes of
conflict effectively. - Focus on reconciliation, restoration of
relationships, and community healing, promoting
long-term peace. - Involves traditional leaders, elders, women, and
youth, ensuring inclusivity and community
ownership. - Employs culturally appropriate methods like
dialogue, mediation, arbitration, and rituals,
fostering understanding
8Background of the Study (5)
- In East Hararge, the persistence of conflicts
related to land, water, and socio-economic issues
necessitates a deeper understanding of the role
of I.I.C.T - ICTM, such as the Gadaa system and Jaarsummaa,
reflect deeply held cultural norms and foster
inclusive participation, critical for social
cohesion and long-term peace (Wang et al., 2023 - The primary goal of (I I) frameworks in the
domain of CT is to identify proper solutions to
existing conflicts - These solutions are grounded in the values,
norms, complexities, and cultural contexts of the
affected society, and so hold significant
relevance for the disputing parties (Rodríguez
Inturias, 2018 Harriden, 2023). - (I.i's) prioritize repairing relationships and
the preservation of social harmony over the
exclusive application of legal or punitive
measures
9Statement of the Problem (1)
- The role of I.I.CT and PB is a crucial issue in
many parts of the world, including Ethiopia - In an era marked by globalization and
transnational conflicts, understanding how I.I
can address these challenges and promote peace
across communities and borders is essential
(Adams, 2018) - While contrasting CR and CT, we highlight the
importance of ICT practices Conflict resolution
focuses on quick fixes for short-term solutions
and aims to stop conflict as soon as possible,
often addressing only surface-level issues - CT, however, delves deeper by identifying and
addressing the root causes that sustain
conflicts, such as historical grievances,
structural inequalities, or cultural
misunderstandings (Galtung, 1996 Lederach, 1997 - The existing literature conflates CR with CT,
overlooking the deeper, structural shifts
required for sustainable peace (Galtung, 1996).
The lack of recognition of I.I in CT limits their
potential impact - Many traditional or indigenous methods of CT are
not well understood or recognized (Smith, 2019
10Statement of the Problem (2)
- While some studies focus on traditional
mechanisms, there is insufficient research on
their transformative potential within
contemporary political frameworks. - This gap hinders policy development to integrate
these systems more effectively into formal
governance structures. - This lack of awareness impacts marginalized
communities when indigenous methods are ignored,
marginalized populations suffer more (Johnson,
2021). - Then Supporting and recognizing indigenous
institutional practices can empower local
communities by strengthening their roles in
conflict transformation, preserving cultural
traditions, and fostering social cohesion - Ethiopia, a nation with diverse ethnic groups,
has long used indigenous peacebuilding mechanisms
to resolve various disputes, including those
related to land, marriage, promises, trespassing,
homicide, arson, injury, property damage,
divorce, and succession.
11Statement of the Problem (3)
- The Oromo people, the largest ethnic group in
Northeast Africa, have used multi-layered
customary peacebuilding mechanisms to resolve
social, political, and economic conflicts - For instance, the Gadaa system among the Oromo
employs culturally relevant, participatory
approaches emphasizing fairness, consensus, and
inclusivity (Girma, 2017 Mohammed Zerihun,
2022). - However, the Gadaa systems contribution to
sustaining peace and security, particularly in
East Hararge Zone of Oromia, remains
underexplored - This study aims to fill this gap by investigating
how (I.i)contribute to transforming conflicts and
building peace in the East Hararge Zone community - Earlier studies in the East Hararge Zone have
primarily focused on CR rather than CT approaches - For example, Shambel (2017) examined dispute
resolution in Haramaya Woreda, while Nigusie
(2013) analyzed the reintegrative role of
traditional mechanisms in the Eastern Hararge
Zone. Zigale Tamiru (2016 explored the role and
challenges of indigenous conflict resolution in
the Haramaya district
12Statement of the Problem (4)
- These studies approached conflict as a short-term
phenomenon to be resolved permanently,
overlooking the transformative potential of
conflict to create constructive change processes
that reduce violence and increase justice
(Lederach, 1995, 2003). - In general, earlier studies in the East Hararge
Zone have not adequately emphasized the role of
IICT and PB. And no scholar who studied on the
role of IICT and PB - The lack of a comprehensive understanding of the
Gadaa systems role in CT has further limited its
integration into modern PB frameworks - Several factors hinder the ability of II to TC
and promote peace. - A key problem is trust, especially in
collaborations between indigenous and state
institutions to resolve conflicts
13Statement of the Problem (5)
- The lack of trust significantly hinders the
effectiveness of indigenous institutions in the
East Hararge Zone by eroding community trust in
CT processes - The East Hararghe community is currently
grappling with conflicts at both inter-household
conflicts inter-group and intra-group levels,
driven by socio-economic, cultural, and
environmental factors such as land use and water
access Climate change over farmland Resource
Scarcity through erratic rainfall, droughts, and
environmental degradation dispute are alarmingly
increasing in the study area
14Statement of the Problem (6)
- Due to the complex nature of these conflicts,
which are not solely managed by formal
governmental institutions, but also indigenous
institutions have proven to be effective solution
for addressing intercommunal conflicts - These traditional systems, deeply rooted in local
customs and cultural practices, have been
instrumental in resolving disputes and fostering
harmony within communities - This research proposal seeks to examine the role
of indigenous institutions like the Gadaa system
in conflict transformation and peacebuilding in
the East Hararge Zone, Oromia Regional State,
Ethiopia
15Objectives of the Study
- General Objective
- The overall objective of this study is to
critically investigate the role of I.ICT and PB
in East Hararghe Zone of Oromia Regional State. - Specific Objectives
- To explain the types and causes of conflict in
the East Hararghe Zone oromiya regional state
Ethiopia in conjunction with their historical
origins - Discuss the major roles of the Gadaa system in
indigenous conflict transformation and
peacebuilding, and how do its governing
structures, compositions, approaches, and
mechanisms function in East Hararge Zone? - To assess the effectiveness of indigenous
conflict transformation approaches in addressing
both inter-community and intra-community
disputes? - To examine the challenges and limitations faced
by indigenous institutions in contemporary
conflict Transformation and peacebuilding
efforts? - To examine the mechanisms, values, and principles
employed by these indigenous institutions in
transforming conflicts and peace building social
cohesion
16Scope of the Study
- This study investigates the role and limitations
of I.ICT and PB in the East Hararge Zone of
Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. - It aims to explore the types and causes of
conflict, examine the governing structures and
mechanisms of these institutions, and assess
their effectiveness and challenges. - The research focuses on East Hararge Zone in the
Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia, analyzing
indigenous institutions like Gadaa and
Jaarsummaa. The study employs qualitative methods
such as interviews and focus group discussions,
engaging local communities, indigenous leaders,
and government officials - The findings will provide insights into the
contribution of I.I to I.ICT and PB policies in
the zone
17Significance of the Study
- This study will contribute to policy development
by demonstrating how indigenous institutions can
complement formal systems in conflict resolution.
It will also provide insights into the role of
traditional governance systems in fostering
social cohesion, peacebuilding, and sustainable
development in rural Ethiopia - Contribution to Policy and Knowledge
- Significance for Development
- Resource for Stakeholders
- Support for Ethiopian Federalism.
18Organization of the Proposal
- 1.Introduction
- Background of the study,
- Problem of the statement,
- objectives.
- Scope of the Study
- Significance of the Research
- 2.Literature Review Theoretical frameworks and
empirical studies. - 3.Methodology Research design, data collection
methods. - 4. Ethical considerations
- 5.Work plan and
- 6 future work .budget. Plan
19Operational Definitions (Keywords
- Indigenous Institutions Traditional systems
based on cultural values and social norms, such
as the Gadaa system and Jaarsummaa (Asmerom,
2019). - Conflict Transformation A long-term process
aimed at addressing root causes and reshaping
relationships (Lederach, 1997). - Peacebuilding A comprehensive approach aimed at
creating sustainable peace by addressing the
underlying causes of conflict (Galtung, 1996) - East Hararge Zone This is a key administrative
region found in the Oromia Regional State of
Ethiopia. It is characterized by its ethnically
diverse population, including the Oromo, - Transformation refers to the fundamental and
sustainable change in the dynamics of a conflict,
including attitudes, relationships, power
structures, and systems - Peacemaking refer to the principles and
practices embraced by Eastern Hararghe
communities as a part of the wider Gadaa System
of Oromo population that promote conflict
resolution, harmony, and reconciliation
20CHAPTER TWOLiterature Review (1)
- 2.1.Theoretical Review of Literature
- 2.1.1 Review of Concepts of Conflict
- According to Francis (2006), conflict appears
when there is hostility among individuals,
groups, or society due to competition for
resources, authority, or divergent interests in
various domains - Conflict has focused on the complex interplay
between individual, group, and societal factors
that contribute to its emergence and perpetuation
(Creswell, 2017) - Additionally, conflict arises when two or more
parties vie for the same limited resources
simultaneously - This occurs in all social contexts and among
individuals in several types of human
relationships. - Due to the wide range of variations among
individuals, the absence of conflict often
signifies a lack of meaningful engagement. In and
of itself, conflict is neither inherently
positive nor negative. - However, whether a disagreement proves beneficial
or detrimental depends on its management (Deutsch
Coleman, 2000
21Literature Review (2)
2.1.2. Concepts of peace terms
2.1.2.2. Peacekeeping (PK) The United Nations
(2021) defines peacekeeping operations to aid
countries in transitioning from conflict to
peace. Recent evaluations of peacekeeping
missions have highlighted the need for robust
mandates and adequate resources. Additionally,
the effectiveness of peacekeeping missions is
often contingent upon the cooperation of local
actors. A study by Fortna (2020) writes down that
peacekeeping forces are more successful when they
work collaboratively with local communities and
governments. Fortna's research suggests that
building trust and fostering relationships with
local stakeholders can significantly enhance the
legitimacy and effectiveness of peacekeeping
efforts
2.1.2.1. Peacebuilding (PB) For peacebuilding and
conflict transformation initiatives to be
sustainable, grassroots actors are essential.
Because of their strong relationships to the
local community, they are able to comprehend the
particular dynamics, cultural settings, and basic
causes of problems that top-down techniques
frequently miss By facilitating ongoing dialogue
and mediation, grassroots actors can resolve
complaints before they become more serious
disputes (Richmond, 2011).
2.1.2.3. Peace-making (PM) According to Zartman
(2019), successful peace-making requires a deep
understanding of the interests and motivations of
conflicting parties Peace-making refers to the
diplomatic efforts aimed at resolving conflicts
and setting up peace agreements For instance, a
study by Krause (2020) proves that peace
processes that involve a diverse range of
stakeholders, including marginalized groups, are
more likely to result in durable agreements
22Literature Review (3)
2.1.3. Concepts of conflict terms
- 2.1.3. 3.Conflict transformation (CT)
- Conflict transformation is a comprehensive
approach that looks to address the root causes of
conflict while transforming the relationships and
structures that sustain it - Unlike conflict resolution, which focuses on
resolving specific disputes, conflict
transformation aims to create positive, lasting
change by promoting social justice, healing, and
reconciliation (Lederach, 1997 - Despite the rich history of indigenous conflict
resolution in Ethiopia, existing literature often
focuses on resolution rather than transformation,
missing the broader potential of indigenous
practices in peacebuilding
- 2.1.3. 2. Conflict resolution (CR)
- Conflict resolution focuses on finding mutually
acceptable solutions to disputes. Deutsch (2020)
posits that successful conflict resolution
requires effective communication and negotiation
skills - Recent empirical evidence supports the notion
that mediation can significantly enhance the
likelihood of resolving. For instance, a study by
Susskind and Cruikshank (2021) shows that
mediation processes that involve skilled
mediators lead to higher rates of agreement among
conflicting parties - Additionally, the impact of cultural factors on
conflict resolution has been explored in recent
research. A study by Avruch (2020) highlights
that understanding cultural differences are
essential for effective conflict resolution
- 2.1.3.1.Conflict Management (CM)
- Conflict management encompasses the strategies
and processes employed to handle conflicts
constructively - Fisher (2020) emphasizes that effective conflict
management involves recognizing the underlying
interests of the parties involved and helping
dialogue to address these interests - Moreover, the role of communication in conflict
management has been highlighted in recent
literature. A study by Tjosvold et al. (2020)
shows that open and honest communication can
foster trust and cooperation among conflicting
parties
23Literature Review (4)
1.3. Review of Empirical literature
2.1.6. Indigenous Conflict Transformation
Mechanisms in Ethiopia (ICTMIE
- 2.1.4. Indigenous conflict transformation
mechanisms (ICTM - Indigenous conflict transformation mechanisms
involve holistic, intuitive knowledge systems,
utilizing storytelling and spiritual aspects,
contrasting with analytical Western approaches
focused on written evidence. - Indigenous knowledge systems incorporate diverse
elements including knowledge impartation and
practices (Grenier, 1998). - They provide intricate information and
interpretations guiding human interactions with
nature (Nakashima et al., 2000). - Indigenous approaches contrast with Western
systems, typically characterized as analytical
and reductionist (Grenier, 1998). - Indigenous knowledge relies on oral traditions
like storytelling, singing, and dancing,
contrasting the written, evidence-based nature of
Western knowledge systems - Indigenous knowledge emphasizes spiritual and
moral dimensions over written laws like
international resolutions (UN Permanent Forum on
Indigenous Issues, 2020).
2.1.5. Indigenous Conflict Transformation
Mechanisms in Africa (ICTMIA
- Ethiopia's indigenous conflict transformation and
peacebuilding mechanisms have significantly
contributed to social cohesion among its diverse
communities - The country, known for its multitude of cultures
and over 80 ethnic groups, possesses unique
conflict resolution practices that reflect its
rich heritage. T. Kefale (2020) emphasizes that
using home-grown conflict transformation methods
is preferred over litigation due to their
efficiency in addressing disputes
- In Africa, traditional conflict transformation
mechanisms (ICTM) focus on creating unified
social fabrics and enduring peace rather than
mere conflict resolution (Tsega, 2002 - These institutions function at the village level,
managing local governance, resource mobilization,
community security, and conflict resolution
(Donnelly-Roark et al., 2001). - In countries like Zimbabwe and Nigeria,
traditional institutions blend with local
governance systems, overseeing spiritual guidance
and natural resource management (Blom, 2000
Serra, 2001). - They encourage community participation and
cooperation, fostering compliance without
coercion (Mowo et al., 2011)..
24Literature Review (5)
Indigenous Conflict Transformation Mechanisms in
Ethiopia (ICTMIE
2.2. Theoretical Frameworks
- Ethiopias indigenous conflict transformation
mechanisms, particularly through elders, promote
stability amid ethnic diversity. Practices like
jaarsummaa, Gumaa, and Siinqee foster grassroots
peacebuilding, addressing various disputes while
embedding traditional values in modern
initiatives, thus enhancing societal resilience
and cultivating a profound, sustainable culture
of peace. - The blending of traditional values and modern
peace initiatives nurtures resilience and
promotes a culture of peace while addressing
current issues and establishing sustainable
coexistence. - In the Somali National Regional State, elders
significantly contribute to grassroots
peacebuilding, guiding local administrations on
security matters - In Oromia, indigenous mechanisms like jaarsummaa
resolve a range of conflicts, from land disputes
to marital issues. Key figures include jaarsa
biyyaa (community elders) and jaarsa araaraa
(conflict resolution elders), who mediate
disputes effectively. - The Gumaa practice reconciles blood feuds, while
Siinqee allows married women to engage in
conflict resolution
- Theoretical frameworks for conflict resolution
and transformation offer critical insights into
addressing disputes across various contexts - Key concepts, such as John Paul Lederach's
conflict transformation, stress the importance of
addressing both immediate issues and deeper
relational patterns (Lederach, 2003). - They incorporate diverse disciplinary
perspectives, focusing on concepts like
Lederach's conflict transformation, which
addresses immediate and deeper relational issues - Analyzing causes such as power imbalances and
identity, these frameworks promote strategies for
conflict resolution and long-term social change
through collaborative dialogue and systemic
change, highlighting individual and collective
agency in achieving sustainable peace
25Literature Review (6)
2.2.1. Conflict Transformation Theory (CTT)
Post-modernism Theory
- Conflict Transformation Theory (CTT), developed
by Lederach (1997), emphasizes addressing root
causes of conflict rather than just its symptoms.
It views conflict as an opportunity for social
change. - In East Hararge, indigenous institutions employ
traditional conflict transformation methods with
cultural significance, like community gatherings
and elders' councils. - These practices promote dialogue to resolve
disputes and foster understanding and
reconciliation among parties. The relational
approach focuses on building trust, transforming
hostility into cooperation (Lederach, 1997)
Social Capital Theory
- Social Capital Theory (SCT), illustrated by
Putnam (1993), highlights the significance of
social networks and norms in promoting
cooperation in communities. High social capital
correlates with better governance and outcomes. - In the East Hararge Zone, indigenous institutions
serve as social networks that foster trust and
facilitate community gatherings, enhancing social
ties - This interconnectedness enables collaborative
conflict resolution, with research indicating
that higher social capital correlates with
reduced conflict rates, emphasizing the
importance of these networks
- Postmodernism promotes a more localized and
context-specific understanding of social
processes by contesting the predominance of
universal, frequently Western-centric viewpoints
(Lyotard, 1984) - Postmodernism enables this study to concentrate
on indigenous knowledge systems, cultural
practices, and community-based conflict
resolution methods without imposing external
biases by dismantling conventional power
structures and narratives
26Literature Review (7)
2.2.4. Cultural theory of conflict (CTC
2.2.5 Indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) theory
(IKS)
2.2.6 Transformative justice theory (TJT)
- Cultural Theory of Conflict (CTC), proposed by
Douglas (1982), explores how cultural values
shape conflict perceptions - In East Hararge, Oromo indigenous institutions
embody these cultural norms, emphasizing
community harmony in conflict resolution.
Practices like "sarus" serve to mediate disputes,
focusing on collective well-being over
individualism - These culturally relevant methods foster trust
and acceptance among community members, improving
conflict resolution outcomes
- This theory emphasizes the importance of healing
and reconciliation over punitive measures. - This approach focuses on addressing the needs of
victims and fostering accountability among
offenders in a way that promotes relational
repair (Zehr, 2002). - The practices of indigenous institutions in East
Hararge align closely with transformative justice
principles. Mediation processes often involve
community rituals prioritizing healing and
restoring relationships, rather than assigning
blame or punishment. - Their holistic and culturally resonant approaches
promote healing and cooperation, highlighting the
importance of indigenous systems in achieving
sustainable peace
- Theory emphasizes the importance of local
knowledge in tackling social issues through
holistic approaches that incorporate
environmental, social, and economic factors
(Davis Ransom, 2012 - IKS employs a holistic approach, merging
environmental, social, and economic factors in
decision-making - In East Hararge, indigenous institutions leverage
local customs for effective conflict mediation
and community legitimacy
27Literature Review (8)
Research Gap
Conceptual framework
- The research gap focuses on Indigenous
institutions in conflict transformation and
peace-building within the East Hararge community,
Oromia region - While previous studies have explored traditional
dispute resolution mechanisms (Shamble, 2017
Nigusie, 2013 Zigale Tamiru, 2016), practices in
achieving social cohesion within Ethiopian
communities, specifically within east Hararge
zone community there is no recent study that has
examined their role of the Indigenous institution
in conflict transformation and peacebuilding - Previous research has not sufficiently analyzed
how these mechanisms contribute to broader
peacebuilding processes, leading to a limited
understanding of their effectiveness in fostering
long-term peace - Despite studies on Indigenous conflict
resolution, the transformative potential of these
mechanisms for peacebuilding remains
underexplored. - - Previous research tends to view conflict
negatively, focusing on termination rather than
as an opportunity for constructive change
- The conceptual framework illustrates the dynamic
interplay among conflict, engaged institutions,
and the conditions necessary for transformative
peacebuilding. - It posits that conflict not only arises from
various sociopolitical and cultural factors but
also prompts the engagement of indigenous
institutions, which act as mediators. - These institutions, such as elder councils and
customary courts, employ culturally rooted
methods like restorative justice to facilitate
conflict resolution and foster trust within
communities. - The engagement of these institutions directly
impacts the conditions conducive to
transformative peacebuilding, which include
truth-seeking and inclusivity. - Such conditions promote long-term stability and
reconciliation, ultimately leading to sustainable
peace. - The framework emphasizes that the transform of
conflict through indigenous institutions
significantly shapes the pathways to effective
peacebuilding, highlighting the cyclical
relationship where conflict influences
institutional engagement and, in turn, the
conditions for fostering enduring peace
28 Chapter Three Research Design and
Methodology Description of the Study Area
Method Description
Location East Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Borders Bale (SW), West Hararghe (W), Dire Dawa (N), Somali Region (N, E)
Key Features Gara Muleta (Highest Point), Babille Elephant Sanctuary
Population 2,723,850 (Oromo 50.43, Somali 48.31, Amhara 2.26)
Languages Oromo (60.6), Somali (38.92)
Religion Islam (96.51)
Focus Areas Meta, Kombolicha, Haramaya, Jarso (districts), Deder (town)
Conflict Challenges Rapid growth, climate change, resource conflicts, rising crime
Indigenous Institutions Gadaa System, Jaarsummaa
29Research Design
Method Description
Research Design /Type Phenomenological research design or Approach Focus On understanding individuals' experiences and interpretations
Research Approach Qualitative Methods Includes face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions, Indirect observation , library work
Data Collection Interviews, FGDs, Indirect Observation and library work
Flexibility Iterative research process Allows for the development of new questions and procedures as research progresses
30Research Paradigm
Research Method /Aspect Details
Research Approach Qualitative and Interpretivist Emphasizes understanding subjective meanings of social phenomena or Social Constructivist
Method Open-Ended Questions Captures diverse perspectives from participants
Reality Construction Social Constructivism Highlights how individuals construct their realities based on experiences
31Population, Sampling Methods Sample Size
Method /Aspect Details
Study Population Study Population Representatives from indigenous institutions, conflicting groups, and government officials
Sampling Method Purposive Sampling Selected based on conflict intensity and functionality of indigenous institutions
Key informants Selection Criteria Key Informants Chosen for their knowledge and involvement in conflict transformation and peacebuilding
Sample Size Determined by data saturation
32Data Collection Methods
Method Description
Interviews Semi-structured and in-depth interviews with key informants
FGDs Conducted with diverse groups to gather varied perspectives.
Indirect Observation Field observations in settings where indigenous institutions operate or Field visits to traditional courts meetings
Library Work Secondary data from published research and government reports. Review of research articles, reports, archives
33Methods of Data Analysis
Method /Aspect Details /Description
Analysis Type Content Analysis Organizing data, identifying themes, and interpreting findings
Steps Interpretive Methods Organizing data, identifying themes, coding, interpretation
Techniques Triangulation, Clustering, Pattern Recognition
Validation Ensuring reliability validity Pattern Recognition Identifying patterns within qualitative data to draw conclusions
34Ethical Considerations
Method /Aspect Details/ Description
Approval Obtained from relevant stakeholders before data collection
Informed Consent Participants provide verbal and written consent.
Confidentiality Maintaining anonymity and respecting participants' rights.
Respect Unbiased language, privacy protection
35Work Plan 1
No Activities Duration
1 Intensive Reading and Proposal Preparation Jan 13, 2025 - Jan 29, 2025
2 Proposal Presentation July 30, 2025
3 Amendment of Proposal Feb 10 - 20, 2025
4 Preparation of Data Gathering Tools March 01 - 30, 2025
5 Field Work April 01, 2025 - May 30, 2025
36Work Plan 2
6 Data Management June 01 - 31, 2025
7 Data Analysis and Interpretation Jan 01, 2025 - March 30, 2025
8 Writing the First Draft April 01, 2025 - May 31, 2025
9 Collecting Comments from Advisors June 01 - 31, 2025
10 Writing the Final Draft July 01 - August 31, 2025
11 Submitting the Final Draft November 2025
12 Presentation of the Dissertation TBD by HU Postgraduate Program Directorate
37Future Work and Budget Breakdown
38Ethical Considerations
- Informed Consent Participants will be informed
about the studys purpose (Bryman, 2016). - Confidentiality Anonymity of participants will
be maintained. - Cultural Sensitivity Respecting indigenous
customs and traditions. - Approval Ethical clearance will be obtained from
the university ethics board.
39No Activities Duration
1 Intensive Reading and Proposal Preparation Jan 13, 2025 - Jan 29, 2025
2 Proposal Presentation July 30, 2025
3 Amendment of Proposal Feb 10 - 20, 2025
4 Preparation of Data Gathering Tools March 01 - 30, 2025
5 Field Work April 01, 2025 - May 30, 2025
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