French prepositional compounds

1
French prepositional compounds

• Cecilia HemmingDepartment of Languages,
  University College of SkövdeSwedish National
  Graduate School of Language Technology

2
Outline

• Introduction
• Intuition ideas
• Method
• Language specific term patterns
• Language independent concepts
• Problems
• Further work

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Introduction

• Neologisms in technical domains
• New technology and products new terminology
• Term linguistic sign signifiant et signifié
  (Saussure)
• Term production patterns
• ISO 1087 Vocabulary of Terminology
• Term Designation of a defined concept in a
  special language by a linguistic expression.
• Concept A unit of thought constituted through
  abstraction on the basis of properties common to
  a set of objects.

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Production Patterns

• Language specific production patterns
• morphosyntax for French terms
• Noun Adj Noun Noun
• Noun Prep Noun Noun Prep Det Noun
• Noun à Verb(inf) Verb-Noun
• ...
• Swedish nounnoun -gt French noun prep noun/verb
• Swedish noun2(compl)noun1(head) -gt French noun1
  prep noun2
• oljepump pompe à huile (oil pump)
• bränsleledning conduite de carburant (fuel
  pipe)

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Production Patterns

• Semantics of the terms
• concepts
• plåt tôle (plate) material
• ventil robinet (valve) part
• relationships
• plåtskiva disque de tôle (plate disc) made-of
• bromsventil robinet de frein (brake valve)
  part-of

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Intuition Idea 1

• In MT and MAHT
• Knowledge reuse in
• Dictionnaires
• Terminology Databases
• Translation Memories
• Lacking information of a certain term?
• syntactic and semantic analyses of equivalent
  terms in different languages
• plausible translation suggestions
• (in accordance with the TL production patterns)

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Intuition Idea 2 (Wüster)

• Another way of defining Concept (independent of
  term)
• a unit of different characteristics common to a
  certain number of people
• Structure knowledge in special domains
• by pointing to differences and similarities
  between concepts connected to the terms within
  that domain
• parts of brake system
• bromspedal pédale de frein operation device
• bromsrör tuyau de frein leading brake fluid
• Disagreement language independent concept
  grouping in general language (all concepts not
  present in all L)
• Concepts in technical designation truly language
  independent

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Limitations

• Limitation 1
• To begin with terms denoting concrete objects
• Limitation 2
• French patterns noun preposition noun
• noun preposition verb
• with à and de
• In patterns, treat complex complements as a
  unit
• bakhjulsbroms frein de roue arrière (rear
  wheel brake)

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Method

• Extraction of term patterns
• Swedish-French parallel text corpus Scania95
• (manuals)
• 3500 terms with a noun preposition
  noun/verb-pattern
• Semantic classification (concepts / relations)
• both Swedish and French terms
• material, part, container / made-of, part-of,
  contains

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Concepts

• Compound nominal semantics
• HEAD concept COMPLEMENT concept
• bränsletank réservoir à carburant (fuel tank)
• liquid container
• Semantic relation
• Relation between head and complement
• HEADcontainer contains COMPLliquid
• réservoir à carburant

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Method

• Compare patterns of the two languages
• morphosyntax noun2noun1 -gt noun1 à noun2
• compl head
  head compl
• semantics (complement expresses)
• Swelocation of HEAD -gt Frelocation of HEAD
  ??
• Sweform of HEAD -gt Freform of HEAD ??
• bakfjäderbult etoquiau de ressort arrière (rear
  spring bolt)
• kronmutter écrou à créneaux (turret nut)
• bil-/säkerhets-bälte ceinture de sécurité
  (safety belt)
• Find regularities and differences in patterns

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Method

• Tag terms semantically semiautomatically/for hand
• concepts and relations between head and
  complement
• complement expresses
• Part(s) for which HEAD is intended
• batterilåda coffre à batteries (battery box)
• kolvringstång pince à segments (piston ring
  pliers)
• Form of HEAD
• bladfjäder ressort à lame (plate spring)
• haknyckel clé à ergot (hook spanner)

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Method 2

• ML-technics
• Learn transfer rules from positive examples (??)
• Swe compl(Material)head(Item)made-of -gt
• Fre head(Item)-de-compl(Material)made-of
• plåtremsa bande de tôle (strip plate)
• Swe compl(Form)head(Item)feature -gt
• Fre head(Item)-à-compl(Form)feature
• flänsmutter écrou à embase (flanged nut)
• teadious tagging writing rules directly
  instead??

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Semantics (Riegel, Pellat Rioul)

• DE
• origin, material, cause, container, Part
  of, constitution
• A
• destination, characteristic, localization
• Brøndal, Cervoni, Järborg, Spang-Hansen

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Conceptgroups noun de noun (1500 in the
Scania corpus)

• De (1500 terms of 3500 n-prep-n in the Scania
  corpus)
• Substance, liquid, gas, material for which HEAD
  is intended (COMPLcontent HEAD
  exteriority)
  alkoholinjektor injecteur d'alcool,
  avgasledning tuyau d'échappement (exhaust
  pipe) bränslekammare
  chambre de combustible (fuel chamber)
• Substance, matter, materal of HEAD
  (COMPLmaterial HEADnoun
  aluminiumlegering alliage d'aluminium (Al
  alligation)
• Complements for which HEAD is a unit
  (COMPLconstitution HEADunit)
  brickfjäderpaket pile de rondelles
  élastiques (coaster board packet)
• Object for which HEAD is intended
• Location for which HEAD is intended
  (COMPLlocation HEADnoun)
  bakhjulsnav moyeu de roue arrière (rear hub)
• The function of HEAD (COMPLfunction HEADnoun)
  
  anslutningskabel câble de connexion (connection
  cable)
• Activity for which HEAD is intended
  (COMPLactivity HEAD channel for
  avtappningskran robinet de vidange (drain
  cock) avlastningsskruv vis
  de desserrage (unloading screw)
• The form or construction of HEAD
  bladmått jauge
  d'épaisseur (thickness gauge)

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Conceptgroups noun à noun/verb (200 in the
Scania corpus)

• A (200 terms of 3500 n-prep-n in the corpus)
• Substance, liquid, material for which HEAD is
  intended HEAD container
  alkoholbehållare réservoir à alcool
• Object(s)/part(s) for which HEAD is intended
  HEAD for object kolvringstång
  pince à segments (p r pliers)
• Purpose of HEAD HEAD purpose
  glödstift bougie à
  incandescence (heater plug)
  kapskiva meule à tronçonner
  (slitting wheel)
  plomberingstång pince à plomber (lead sealing
  pliers)
• HEADs range of application HEAD application
  brandsläckare extincteur à incendie
  (fire-extinguisher)
• Form or construction of HEAD HEAD construction
  flatstiftkontakt connecteur à languettes (flat
  pin connector) tolvkantshylsa
  douille à 12 pans (..socket)
• How HEAD functions HEAD functioning
  
  sugmotor moteur à aspiration naturelle
  (aspirating engine)
  hamrande mutterdragare boulonneuse à chocs
  (...nut runner)
• By which mean HEAD is controlled HEAD controlled
  by handgas accélérateur à main (hand
  accelerator)
• How HEAD is controlled HEAD controll manner
  slagverktyg outil à frapper (striking tool)

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Interesting Problems

• How to choose preposition
• avgasrör tuyau d'échappement
• bränslerör tube à carburant
• (exhaust-/fuel pipe)
• bränslekammare chambre de combustible
• bränsletank réservoir à carburant
• (fuel- chamber/tank)

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Suggestions 1

• Kaffekopp tasse à café
• container (for coffee)
• Kaffekopp tasse de café
• channel (conveys coffee)

• alkoholbehållare réservoir à alcool container
• alkoholinjektor injecteur d'alcool channel

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Choose preposition

• avgasrör tuyauterie d'échappement
• avgasrör conduite d'échappement
• avgasrör tubulure d'échappement
• bränslerör tuyau dalimentation
• (exhaust-/fuel pipe)
• bränslerör tube à carburant
• bränslekran robinet de carburant
• (fuel cock)

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Suggestions 2

• bränslerör tuyau dalimentation exteriority
• bränslerör tube à carburant destination
• tuyau/tuyauterie/conduite/tubulure
  (HEADexteriority)
• échappement/alimentation (deverbal noun
  COMPLpurpose)
• tube destination
• carburant (substance, liquid, material content)

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More Problems, different concepts

• How HEAD functions HEAD functioning
• slagverktyg (striking tool)
• slag------verktyg
• Swe compl(Functioning)head(Item) ?
• Fre head(Y)-à-functioningVerb(X)
• 
  outil------------ à ---------- frapper
• slagverktyg outil à frapper (outil à frapper)

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different concepts

• skjutmått (sliding caliper)
• skjut------mått
• Swe functioning(X)head(Y) ?
• Fre head(Y)-à-functioningVerb(X)
• 
  pied------------ à ---------- pousser
• skjutmått pied à pousser/faire glisser?? (pied
  à coulisse!!)
• gliding device

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Further work

• Extracting a wild web corpus from different
  technical domains
• (Oz, Perl scripts and E. Duras Lexware)
• Compare the results from the Scania corpus
• Implement translation suggestion code

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• I would appreciate
• comments and suggestions

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• Thank You for listening!