European Security Strategy

1
European Security Strategy

• Presentation
• By
• Raul Toomas

2
Strategic Culture of Europe

• Robert Kagan Americans are form Mars, but
  Europeans from Venus.
• The Diversity of European history, geography and
  culture have led to different foreign policy
  conceptions among European states.
• Europe as a civilian power.
• Things change after Kosovo Conflict and 9/11
  2001.

3
Revised European Startegic Culture

• Expeditionary operations (EU military and
  civilian missions)
• Coersion but not brute force
• Some military capabilities are needed for the
  sake of strong trans-atlantic relationship
• Combining military and civilian means.
• Still need for common approach.

4
A SECURE EUROPE IN A BETTER WORLD

• Adopted by the European Council on December 12,
  2003
• First time European countries could principally
  agree on something in security affairs common
  threats
• EU should be an attractive partner to the US
• Key message is inward-looming and reactive
  Europe is not an option anymore.
• Preventive engagement is necessary

5
A SECURE EUROPE IN A BETTER WORLD

• Based on Global Challenges. 5 key threats
• - international terrorism (9/11)
• - proliferation of weapons of mass
• destruction (North- Korea, Iran)
• - regional conflicts (Western Balkan, Middle-
  
• East,
• South Caucasus)
• - failed states (Africa, Western Balkan).
• - organised crime (problem evrywhere)

6
A SECURE EUROPE IN A BETTER WORLD

• Objectives
• - extend the zone of security in the EUs
  neighborhood (geo-political principle)
• - rule-based effective multilateral intenational
  order
• - strenghten trans-atlantic relationship (in
  practice Berlin Plus conception)
• - strenghten and coordinate EUs foreign policy
  roll and functions.

7
Comparing US and EU Security Strategies

• Both adopted after 9/11 US (02), EU (03)
• Similarities
• - comprehensive definition of security
• security depends on multiple actors and
• forms of power
• - mostly common threats terrorism,
• weapons of mass destruction, organized
• crime.
• - based on Western liberal values

8
Comparing US and EU Security Strategies

• Main differencies
• - EU preventive engagement
• US pre-emption
• - EU effective multilateralism
• US selctice multilateralism
• - EU security threat - failed states
• US security threat - rogue states

9
Security Strategy in practice

• European Neighborhood Policy (2004)
• European Union further enlagrement
• Military and civilian operations in Africa,
  Western Balkans
• Negotiantions with Iran and involvment in
  Middle-East Peace process
• Creation of European common border service

10
But still ...

• Very declarative principles
• Mapping common ground, but no concrete measures
• The conception of use of force untouched

11
The End

• Thank you for your attention