Chapter 2: Genes and Heredity

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Chapter 2 Genes and Heredity

• How Genes and Environment Interact

• By Kati Tumaneng (for Drs. Cook Cook)

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How Genes and Environment Interact

• G x E Interaction The interacting effects of
  genetics and the environment on the development
  of traits and behaviors.
• Ways genes environment interact
• Range of Reaction
• Canalization
• Niche-picking
• Probabilistic Epigenesis

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Range of Reaction

• The range of possible phenotypes (traits or
  behaviors) that exist for a particular genotype
  (genetic code).
• Genes set boundaries environment determines
  which possible outcomes actually materialize.

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Range of Reactions
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Canalization

• Genetic limits on the effects of the environment.
  In experiential canalization, in contrast, it is
  the environment that limits the expression of
  genes.

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Canalization
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Niche-Picking

• The tendency to pick activities and environments
  that fit with our genetic predisposition.
• During infancy, genes operate in passive manner
• As child gets older, genes play more evocative
  role
• As child gets even older and has more freedom,
  genes work in more active way

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Probabilistic Epigenesis

• The likelihood that specific environmental
  conditions will activate specific genes that lead
  to particular traits or behavioral outcomes.
• Interdependency of genes and environment.
• Individuals environment controls which parts of
  genome activated.
• Change in environment may produce change in genes
  expressed.

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Probabilistic Epigenesis
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• Chart on Slide 4 from Cook, J. L., Cook, G.
  (2005). Child development Principles and
  perspectives (1st ed.) (p. 67). Boston Allyn and
  Bacon.
• Canalization on Slide 6 from Cook, J. L.,
  Cook, G. (2005). Child development Principles
  and perspectives (1st ed.) (p. 68). Boston Allyn
  and Bacon.
• Probabilistic Epigenesis on Slide 9 from Cook,
  J. L., Cook, G. (2005). Child development
  Principles and perspectives (1st ed.) (p. 70).
  Boston Allyn and Bacon.
• All other images retrieved from Microsoft
  PowerPoint Clip Art.