WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY AND PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY AND PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY

• KOMMUNISTIEN LIITTO ry
• Philosophy is a world view or doctrine of the
  structure of world, which tries to argue its
  statements in logical and theoretical manner. Fro
  this reason religious world vies is not
  philosophical, because it does not argue in
  theoretical manner. Philosophy forms theoretical
  synthesis of the most general views and concepts
  on nature, society, human and cognition.
• SOURCE http//personal.inet.fi/koti/kalevi/Iluku
  .htm

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Friedrich Nietzsche

• Philosophers should not accept concepts as
  such, in a form that these concepts are handed to
  them and the just clarify and polish these
  concepts. Philosophers must start producing,
  creating and setting concepts and ask people to
  use them.
• Source Deleuze Guattari Qu'est-ce que la
  philosophie?

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Deleuze Guattari Qu'est-ce que la philosophie?

• We have frequently asked the question What is
  philosophy and we have always answered in same
  way Philosophy is art of forming, discovering
  and producing concepts Philosopher is a friend
  of concept and she has ability to create of
  concept Philosophy is a discipline, which
  consist of creating of concepts Concepts do not
  wait us like stars in space. There is no heaven
  of concepts. We have to invent, create or
  manufacture concepts and concept would be nothing
  without the signature of authors.

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Rauno Huttunen

• Philosophy means going to the roots in a way
  or another. It is radical in a original meaning
  of Latin word radix (root). Things themselves
  have no roots or foundation but foundation comes
  to be in the process of asking the foundation.
  Why then we should ask the foundation or reason?
  That is a philosophical question and one way to
  start to philosophize. Traditionally philosophy
  has asked foundation of different things like
  being, knowledge, human, art, moral, justice,
  syllogism, language, power, culture, mathematics,
  rhetoric, sport, education etc

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Theoretical philosophy

• ONTOLOGY What is B/being?
• 2) EPISTEMOLOGY What is knowledge?

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ONTOLOGY

• What is Being?
• -gt Spirit, matter, God, one, many, nature,
  possible, necessary, absolute, determinated,
  indeterminated, general, one of the kind

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MATERIALISM

• World is basically matter. According to
  reductionist materialism (physicalism) everything
  can be reduced to matter and its movement.
  Emergent materialism asserts that the mind and
  culture are irreducible to matter but matter
  forms the foundation. There also dialectical
  materialism, deconstructive materialism,
  promissory materialism etc.

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IDEALISM

• World is basically idea or spirit. For Plato
  material world is pure reflection of ideal world
  of true beings

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EPISTEMOLOGY

• What can be known? Can we know essence or true
  being? Is our knowledge a picture of reality
  (realism)? Is our knowledge construction which
  does not tell how things themselves are
  (constructionism)? What is truth? Comes our
  knowledge from experience (induction), reason
  (deduction) or intuition (abduction)?

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METAPHYSICS

• Term refers either to theoretical philosophy or
  just to ontology alone. Term comes form Greek in
  the period of Aristotle. Aristotles writings
  were organized in library in such way that
  certain writings were put after physical writings
  and they were called ta meta fysika that is
  writings after physics. In these writings
  Aristotle deals with basic philosophical
  questions and Aristotle himself called this
  discipline as first philosophy. After Aristotle
  there have been other names like metaphysics,
  perennial philosophy, prima philosophia and
  ontology.

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Practical philosophy

• Philosophy of science What is science?
• Philosophy of mind What is consciousness?
• Formal logic What is valid syllogism?
• Some time these three disciplines are located in
  theoretical philosophy.
• Philosophy of art What is beatiful, sublime or
  art?
• Ethics What is moral?
• Philosophical antropology What is human

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Practical philosophy

• Philosophy of culture What is culture?
• Social philosophy What is power, ideology,
  social action, submission, justice, recognition?
• Philosophy of justice What is justice or valid
  norm?
• Then there is philosophy of environment,
  feminism, psychology, mathematics, flesh,
  religion, politics, dead, language, sport and of
  course EDUCATION.

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Vestergaard, Löfstedt Ödman Introduction to
philosophy of Education

• We can make a strict definition like philosophy
  is systematic study of theoretical knowledge.
  This definition rules out many important areas of
  philosophy. So it is better to choose broad
  definition, which take care different schools of
  philosophy and different epochs usage of
  philosophy.

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• That is why answer to questions What is
  philosophy and What is philosophy of education
  depends on the school of philosophy and the era
  of philosophy.

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Modern school of philosophy

• Analytical philosophy
• Hermeneutics, fenomenology and eksistentialism
• Neomarxism and critical philosophy
• Postmodernism and deconstructionism

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Analytical philosophy

• Bernard Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein
• Philosophy of language
• Metaphysical problems are caused by misus e of
  language
• Analytical philosophy of education has example
  developed formal definition of education, created
  concept of indoctrination and promoted critical
  thinking and scientific rationality in education

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• Fenomenology Edmund Husserl and fenomenological
  method
• Eksistentialism Martin Heidegger and Jean-Paul
  Sartre angst, care, existence, the question of
  the meaning of life
• Hermeneutics Hans-Georg Gadamer understanding,
  horisont, interpretation, openness to tradition,
  dialogical relation

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Critical philosophy

• Jürgen Habermas interests of knowledge, critique
  of ideology, theory of communicative action
• - Theodor Adorno Education after Auschwitzin
• -gt Klaus Mollenahauer critical pedagogy
• -gt Robert Young habermasian pedagogy
• Paolo Freire pedagogy of oppressed
• -gt Peter MacLaren Henri Giroux, Juha Suoranta

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Postmodernism and dekonstruktionism

• Jean-Francois Lyotard postmodern situation
• Jacques Derrida deconstruction (application of
  Heideggers de-struktio)
• Michel Foucault genealogy of power
• -gt Michael Peters Robin Usher Gregory Ulmer