Axial skeleton

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Skeletal system includes both

• Axial skeleton
• Skull
• Auditory ossicles and hyoid bone
• Vertebral column
• Thoracic cage
• Appendicular skeleton
• Pectoral and pelvic girdles
• Upper and lower limbs

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Figure 7.1b The Axial Skeleton
Figure 7.1b
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The skull

• Consists of the cranium and the bones of the face
• The cranium encloses cranial cavity
• Facial bones surround and protect the entrances
  to the respiratory and digestive tracts
• Superficial landmarks include the sutures
• Lambdoid
• Coronal
• Sagittal
• Squamous

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Figure 7.2 Cranial and Facial Subdivisions of
the Skull
Figure 7.2
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Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull
Figure 7.3a, b
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Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull
Figure 7.3c
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Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull
Figure 7.3d
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Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull
Figure 7.3e
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Focus The Individual Bones of the Skull Cranial
Bones

• two temporal bones
• auditory ossicles
• one sphenoid
• one ethmoid

• one occipital bone
• foramen magnum
• two parietal bones
• one frontal bone
• frontal sinuses

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Figure 7.4 The Sectional Anatomy of the Skull
Figure 7.4a
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Figure 7.4 The Sectional Anatomy of the Skull
Figure 7.4b
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Figure 7.5 The Occipital and Parietal Bones
Figure 7.5