Intro to Sports Medicine

1
Intro to Sports Medicine

• Anatomical Directions and Movements

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Anatomical Position

• A person in the anatomical position is standing
  with the head, eyes and toes pointing forward,
  feet together with arms by the side. The palms of
  the hands are also point forward.

3
Frontal Plane

• The frontal plane divides the body into a front
  and back.

4
Median Plane

• The median plane divides the body down the middle
  into right and left sections.

5
Transverse Plane

• The transverse plane runs across the body.

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Anatomical Directions

• Anterior
• Posterior
• Medial
• Lateral
• Proximal
• Distal
• Superior
• Inferior

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Anterior

• Toward the front

8
Posterior

• Toward the back

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Medial

• Toward the midline of the body

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Lateral

• Away from the midline of the body

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Proximal

• Toward the body. (In relation to an extremity.)

12
Distal

• Away from the body. (In relation to an
  extremity.)

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Superior

• Upper or above

14
Inferior

• Lower or below

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Movement Terms

• Flexion
• Extension
• Abduction
• Adduction
• Pronation
• Supination

• Inversion
• Eversion
• Retraction
• Protraction
• Rotation
• Circumduction
• Plantar flexion
• Dorsi flexion

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Flexion

• Bending movement that decreases the angle between
  two parts.

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Extension

• A straightening movement that increases the angle
  between body parts.

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Abduction

• A motion that pulls a structure or part away from
  the midline of the body.

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Adduction

• A motion that pulls a structure or part towards
  the midline of the body.

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Pronation

• A rotation of the forearm that moves the palm
  from a palm up position to a palm down position.

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Supination

• A rotation of the forearm that take the palm from
  a palm down position to a palm up position.

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Inversion

• The movement of the bottom of the foot towards
  the median plane.

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Eversion

• The movement of the bottom of the foot away from
  the median plane.

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Retraction

• Posterior movement of the arms at the shoulders.

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Protraction

• Anterior movement of the arms at the shoulders.

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Rotation

• A motion that occurs when a part turns on its
  axis.

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Circumduction

• The circular (or, more precisely, conical)
  movement of a body part.

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Plantar flexion

• Ankle joint motion where the toes point downward.

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Dorsi flexion

• Bending ankle so that the toes are raised.