Viruses and Bacteria

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Chapter 17

• Viruses and Bacteria

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Are Viruses Alive or Not?

• Topic of Much Debate
• Evidence against
• Evidence for

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Viral Structure

• Capsid Head
• Nucleic Acid
• Tail

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Diversity

• Size
• Shape
• Specificity
• Examples

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Viral Life Cycle

• Infection (2 methods)
• Growth
• Replication

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Lytic Infection

• Process
• Time

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Lysogenic Infection

• Process
• Prophage State
• Time
• Activation
• Retroviruses

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Viruses and Disease

• Pathogens
• Examples

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Fighting Viruses

• Immune Response
• Antibodies
• Interferons
• Role of Antibiotics
• Vaccines
• Antiviral Medications

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Emerging Viruses

• Cause of Epidemics
• Mutations
• CDC Predictions

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Prokaryotes (bacteria)

• General Description
• Two types
• Eubacteria
• Archaeobacteria

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Size of Bacteria

• Size
• Compared to Other Cells
• Reason

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Identifying Bacteria - Shape

• Cocci
• Spirilla
• Bacilli
• Names of Bacteria

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Identifying Bacteria Cell Wall

• Based on Thickness
• Gram Bacteria
• Gram Bacteria
• Hypotonic (pure water) resistance
• Capsule

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Identifying Bacteria - Movement

• Flagella
• Other methods
• Slime
• Non-movement

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Bacterial DNA

• Shape
• Plasmids

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Bacterial Energy

• Autotrophs
• Phototrophic Autotrophs
• Chemotrophic Autotrophs
• Heterotrophs
• Chemotrophic heterotrophs
• Phototrohic heterotrophs

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Respiration

• Definition
• Obligate Aerobes
• Obligate Anaerobes
• Facultative Anaerobes

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Reproduction

• Speed
• Two Methods
• Binary Fission
• Conjugation

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Reproduction Rate

• Generation time
• Exponential Growth

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Roles of Bacteria

• Nutrient Flow
• Sewage Decomposition
• Nitrogen Fixation

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Bacteria and Disease

• Examples
• Two methods
• Treatments and Cures

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Controlling Bacteria

• Sterilization
• Food Processing

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Spore Formation

• Endospores
• Process

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