MIS 648 Presentation Notes: Lecture 2

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MIS 648 Presentation Notes Lecture 2

• Managing the effects of culture on IT managing
  an IT culture

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AGENDA

• Goals of the Lecture
• Introduction to the lecture

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Goals of the Lecture

• Discuss the phenomenon of IT culture
• Discuss ways in which culture influences how IT
  is deployed and used
• Explore how culture influences IT-enabled
  business (such as E-commerce)
• Introduce the idea that different cultures may
  think about IT in different ways

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Introduction to the Lecture

• Culture affects perceptions (Parboteeah et al)
• Culture influences technology adoption
  (Papazafeiropoulou)
• Culture influences thinking about IT (Licker)

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Parboteeah, et al

• TAM Perceived Usefulness (PU)
• This should be affected by culture as this is a
  value
• Most studies have assumed this is an individual
  level variable.
• Perhaps PU is also affected by cultural and
  social variables.

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The Logic of TAM (and how Culture Fits in)
Usefulness
Ease of Use Almost all software is easy to
Use these days!
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Research Design

• Three individual questions Age, education, New
  technologies will make work much (less/more)
  interesting
• Three socio-economic country-level indicators Kg
  oil equivalent/person weekly religious
  attendance/person GINI
• Three country-level Hofstede measures

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Survey

• ISSP Work Module (National Opinion Res. Ctr. U.
  Chicago U. Cologne)
• 26, 999 individuals (age 16 and older) in 24
  countries, mostly Europe plus Japan, Bangladesh,
  Israel, Philippines, Canada and the US
• Random and quota sampling

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Research Model
SocialInstitutions
National CulturalFactors
Predicted positive influence - Predicted
negative influence
Perceived Useful- ness
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Actual Results
SocialInstitutions
National CulturalFactors
Measured positive influence - Measured negative
influence


Industrialization
Individualism
-
-
Religiosity
Uncert. Avoidance

-
Masculinity
Social Inequality
Perceived Use- abillity
Perceived Useful- ness
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What Do You Think?

• Are the results meaningful? To whom?
• Are the results useful? To whom?
• Are the results valid?
• What does this say about IT?

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Papazafeiropoulou
Uneven access and use of digital technology both
WITHIN a country and BETWEEN countries.

• Electronic Commerce Adoption in various SE
  European countries
• Authors think that it is an obligation of
  governments to eliminate the phenomenon of the
  digital divide.
• Basic question What can be learned about
  government policies for future adoption of
  Electronic Commerce by less technologically
  advanced countries?

Plans for government intervention in the uptake
and subsequent deployment of information
technology
Countries that use information technology less
than others. This is a problematic concept.
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Government Intervention
Research at Universities, eg.
Awareness Campaigns
Supply Push
Demand Pull
Knowledge Building Knowledge Deploy Subsidy Innova
tion Directive
Knowledge Deploy Subsidy Mobilization
Influence
Education, Training
Bringing order to chaos
Financial Support
I II III IV
Knowledge Deploy Subsidy Standard
Setting Innovation Directive
Subsidy Standard Setting Innovation Directive
Regulation
Motivation, argumentation
Use of IT by Govt, eg.
Rules, commands
Creating Demand for IT
Creating Supply of IT
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Research Details

• Built on Project SEED (South Eastern European
  Digital economy)
• Lasted two years (2000-2002) 50 interviews
• Delivery of dissemination and exploitation
  strategies that could be useful to policy makers
  in the participating countries
• Countries were Albania, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece,
  Israel, Macedonia, Modova and Romania.

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Data/Analysis

• Orgl information, govt statistics
• Interviews of employees of consortium members.
• SWOT analysis
• Is SWOT a good tool?

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Results

• All but Israel and Greece lag behind
• Slow but constant growth
• All govt support use of Internet and e-commerce
• Use of e-government to help organize the public
  sector plus offer best practice examples to
  private sector and citizens
• Other players include international agencies,
  professional and trade and industry associations,
  research-oriented higher educational
  institutions, financial institutions, chambers of
  commerce

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Data Analysis

• Knowledge building lack of support for RD poor
  universities lack of funding for commercial
  exploitation lack of encouragement for
  non-university-based research
• Knowledge deployment Inadequate educational
  systems technical education slow to adapt
  little infrastructure for IT literacy esp. for
  marginalized groups such as housewives, farmers,
  military personnel, low-income, etc.

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Data Analysis-2

• Subsidy Lack of access to continental funding
  programs by population at large
• Mobilization Lack of awareness about e-commerce,
  resulting in lack of trust
• Standard setting Lack of legislation to support
  e-commerce
• Innovation directive E-government mostly.

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Institutional Intervention Policy Recommendation
Supply Push
Demand Pull
Influence
I II III IV
Regulation
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From the Paper

• Electronic commerce helps communications and
  strengthens cooperation
• Application of standards and cooperation at an
  international level is an important element for a
  successful electronic commerce policy.
• Policy makers at the highest level should take
  into consideration ideas and thoughts of
  stakeholders at lower levels of decision making.
  The good intention of national governments is
  not always enough
• The early electronic commerce experience of
  Western Europe and the US can benefit countries
  that are now at an initial stage of electronic
  commerce adoption. It is important to learn from
  previous mistakes and best practices.

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What Do You Think?

• In this paper we considered electronic commerce
  as an innovation that can change radically the
  everyday life of the people around the globe.

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Licker (2002)
Belief that IT will happen regardless of human
intervention

• Three enduring characteristics of beliefs about
  computers
• Fatalism
• Determinism
• Particularism
• May be linked to culture, gender or occupation

Belief that IT shapes aspects of the human
condition
Belief that IT has characteristics of particular
cultures
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Fatalism

• IT is going to happen no matter what
• IT institutions run themselves and submit to no
  authority
• You cant do anything about IT
• IT is out of control

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Determinism

• IT controls the economy
• IT dictates what we do, what we think, whom we
  talk to
• IT people have too much power
• IT is the future

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Particularism

• IT is American
• IT is unAmerican
• IT is a product of the X type of mind
• IT is a tool of X imperialism
• IT is an attempt to make us all Xes