Elbow, Forearm, and Wrist: Primary Prevention Taping Techniques

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Elbow, Forearm, and Wrist Primary Prevention
Taping Techniques

• Basics of Athletic Training Lab
• James Maison, BS, ATC, CSCS

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Outline

• Elbow
• Anatomy
• Injuries
• Wrist/Forearm
• Anatomy
• Injuries

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Elbow Anatomy

• Bones
• Humerus
• Radius
• Ulna
• Articulations
• Humero-Radial
• Humero-Ulnar
• Proximal Radio-Ulnar
• Distal Radio-Ulnar

• Soft Tissue
• Flexors
• Extensors
• Ligaments
• Medial
• Lateral
• Motions
• Flexion
• Extension
• Pronation/Supination

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Ligament Sprains

• Mechanism Forceful Valgus or Varus force applied
  to the Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments
  respectively
• Tx Rice, Elbow Sprain (collateral ligament)
  taping
• What are some sports you might expect to see
  this with?
• Secondary injury to the Ulnar Nerve can occur
  Relevance?

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Hyperextension Injury

• Forceful hyperextension caused from direct
  contact to the posterior elbow, or from a FOOSH
  mechanism (Fall On Out-Stretched Hand)
• Can result in muscle flexor strains, fractures,
  and/or elbow dislocation
• Tx RICE, Prevent reinjury with taping or brace
• What kinds of sports would you expect to see
  this in?

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Medial and Lateral Epicondylitis

• Mechanism overuse injury involving chronic
  microtrauma of muscular origins of forearm
  flexors and extensors
• Medial Epicondylitis inflammation of the medial
  humeral epicondyle resulting from too much wrist
  flexion
• Aka Pitchers elbow, Racquetball elbow, Golfers
  elbow, Javelin-throwers elbow
• Lateral Epicondylitis inflammation of the
  lateral humeral epicondyle resulting from too
  much wrist extension
• Aka Tennis elbow
• Tx RICE, Counterforce Brace (similar to knee
  Cho-pat strap)

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What sports, other than the ones just mentioned,
could you see this with?
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Wrist/Forearm Anatomy

• Muscles/Actions
• Flexors
• Extensors
• ABductors (Radial Deviation)
• Adductors (Ulnar Deviation)
• Supinators
• Pronators
• Forearm Bones
• Radius
• Ulna

• Carpal Bones
• Scaphoid Some
• Lunate Lakers
• Triquetrum Try
• Pisiform Passes
• Trapezium That
• Trapezoid They
• Capatate Cant
• Hamate Handle

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Wrist Injuries

• Ligament sprains
• Muscle strains
• Fractures
• Scaphoid
• Colles
• Smiths
• Overuse Injuries
• Insidious Injury

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Ligament Sprains Muscle Strains

• Very commonly occur together
• Mechanisms FOOSH, tackling, blocking, diving,
  tagging, punching
• Tx RICE, Immobilization (limited to complete
  depending on severity or grade)
• Tapings
• Circles (mild sprains)
• Check-Reign / Fan
• Figure-8s

(Moderate Sprains)
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Wrist Fractures

• Colles Fracture- a fracture of the distal radius
  and/or ulna with palmer displacement of the
  shafts
• Smiths Fracture- a fracture of the distal radius
  and/or ulna with dorsal displacement of the
  shafts

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Wrist Fractures

• Scaphoid Fracture
• Mechanism FOOSH
• Symptoms Pain in the Anatomical Snuff Box
• It is VITAL that this be identified and managed
  properly. Why?_______________________________

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Overuse injuries

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• inflammation of the tendons traveling through the
  carpal tunnel which puts pressure on the medial
  nerve, caused by too much wrist flexion
• de Quervains Syndrome
• tenosynovitis of the wrist radial deviator
  tendons, namely the Brachioradialis tendon

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Insidious injury

• Wrist Ganglion
• A synovial cyst which can develop after a wrist
  strain or for no apparent reason at all.
• Signs a small lump over the carpal bones on the
  dorsum of the wrist
• Tx Smash it with a book, wait it out,
  compression wrap/taping