EPRAT ExoPlanetary Roadmap Advisory Team

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EPRATExoPlanetary Roadmap Advisory Team

• Malcolm Fridlund
• ESA, ESTEC

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Outline

• 1. Background and context of activity
• 2. Outline of tasks schedule
• 3. Brief overview of missions groundbased
  facilities (under implementation, planned or
  under study)
• 4.Presentation of White Papers

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Background
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Background

• During 1996 - 2007 essentially only Darwin
  program in exoplanetology
• STARS 1993 - 1996
• Eddington 2000 - 2004
• Darwin originated in Green dream of H2000 (GAIA
  Darwin) building on interferometric studies
  1980 - 1992 gt Had to be interferometry but.
• Darwin was all there could be
• No precursors on ground or in space (except
  possibly GENIE)
• Darwin did not make it in CV 20151, but
• Strong recommendation for continuing developing
  goals of Darwin (AWG, SSWG, SSAC SPC)

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Background

• EPRAT set up to provide a roadmap towards the
  same goals as Darwin, but now
• Taking into account development 1995-2008
• Ground and space
• Infering ground-space interaction
• What elements can be expected from space through
  e.g. JWST?
• What information will come from new instruments
  on the ground in the near/mid term
• Build up with many missions
• Each answering only part of goal

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Rationale

• One of the four primary themes within the Cosmic
  Vision 2015-2025 plan addresses the subjects of
  conditions for planet formation and the emergence
  of life.
• A key long term goal within this context is to
  understand and characterize exo-planets, in
  particular Earth-like planets.
• ESAs Astronomy Working Group, following the
  analysis of the responses to the first Call for
  Mission for the Cosmic Vision Plan, has
  recognized the importance of this objective. It
  has therefore recommended to ESA to develop the
  necessary preconditions and technologies for
  achieving this goal.
• In response ESA has established the Exo-Planet
  Roadmap Advisory Team.

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Long term Goal/perspective

• EPRAT is to advise the Agency on the best
  scientific and technological roadmap to pursue in
  order to address the characterization of
  terrestrial exo-planets (up to the possible
  detection of biomarkers)

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Rationale 2
A) Will build on emerging European exoplanet
community (Ground Space) B) Will create
flexibility to Cosmic vision and exoplanets C)
Will safeguard international factor. ESA
continuously interacts with our international
partners, (e.g. Bi-laterals with NASA)
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Outline of tasks schedule
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EPRAT Team

• Artie Hatzes, (Chair), Thuringer
  Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Germany
• Anthony Boccaletti, Observatoire de Meudon,
  France
• Rudolf Dvorak, Institute for Astronomy,
  University of Vienna, Austria
• Giusi Micela, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico
  di Palermo, Italy
• Alessandro Morbidelli, Observatoire de la Cote
  d'Azur, France
• Andreas Quirrenbach, Landessternwarte,
  Heidelberg, Germany
• Heike Rauer, German Aerospace Center (DLR),
  Germany
• Franck Selsis, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de
  Bordeaux (LAB), France
• Giovanna Tinetti, University College London, UK
• Stephane Udry, Université de Genevé,
  Switzerland
• Malcolm Fridlund, (Secretary), ESA

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Tasks (1)

• The Advisory Team will consult with the broad
  community.
• Input has been solicited via an open Call for
  White Papers by ESA Summer of 2008.
• The Advisory Team will evaluate the papers
  received and will take due account of them in the
  preparation of the final report.

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Tasks(2)

• This report is expected to cover the intermediate
  and long-term scientific goals for the field of
  exo-planet research.
• Report will include
• survey of existing and planned facilities, both
  ground- and space-based
• and the scientific goals likely to be achieved
  with these facilities.
• The team will identify
• future facilities and relevant technologies
  needed at these facilities to achieve the goals.
• Intermediate milestones that must be met before
  the longer-term goals can be considered feasible.

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Brief overview of missions groundbased
facilities (under implementation, planned or
under study)
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Overview of missions and facilities

• CoRoT
• Timeframe Now - 2011
• Results Hot earths, Super earths
• EELT (42m), other 30m class (2 US) facilities and
  associated instrumentation (e.g. EPICS - see WP).
  
• Time frame 2015 - 2020
• Results Indirect detection of TEs, Direct
  detection/spectra of Pegasids
• Second generation instruments E.g. ?PRIMA
  (VLTI)?SPHERE (VLT Super HARPS (WHT), 0.1 m/s RV,
  GEMINI/GPI
• Timeframe Now - 2015
• Results Enhancing current data basis
• Herschel
• Time frame Now - 2011
• Results Direct detection of zodiacal and
  Kuiper-Edgeworth disks in Sun like systems out to
  20pc (key program)

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Overview of missions and facilities

• Kepler
• Time frame 2009-2013
• CoRoT follow-up - 100 000 stars during 4 years
• JWST
• Timeframe 2014 and beyond
• Direct detection/spectroscopy of hot giant
  planets
• SPICA
• 2015
• Possible coronograph, planet forming disks
• PLATO
• 2017 - 2023
• Super CoRoT

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Overview of missions and facilities

• SIM(-lite?)
• Timeframe 2020 and beyond
• Astrometric detection of lt 0.6 Earth masses in 70
  closest stars

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White Papers
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Overview of White Papers

• European participation in SIM-lite - Space
• 0.06 marcsec allow detection of 1 MEarth mass
  around 60-70 nearby stars.
• Comparison between astrometry, spectroscopy and
  RV measurements for finding targets for later
  study - Theory
• Astrometry deemed 1 order-of-magnitude better
  than RV/photometry
• ALADDIN - ground based L-band nulling
  interferometry in antarctica
• Detecting zodi dust around solar type stars
• Automated microlensing searches - surveys, ground
  space
• Ground based networks leading to space based
  implementations

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Overview of White Papers

• Darwin - The classical study
• EPICS - imager for ELT - ground
• Detection of Neptune/Super Earth w/i 10pc
• External Occulters - Space
• Cash-machine - also check study by Markus Janzon
• Small (1-2m) Coronographs - Space
• SEE COAST -- direct detection of super Earths
• THESIS - space
• 1.4 m telescope in L2 feeding 2 MIR spectrometers
• Spectroscopic characterisation of Earth-like
  planets orbiting M-dwarfs
• SPICA coronograph - space
• Atmospheric modelling - theory
• Biomarkers as a function of time

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Overview of White Papers

• Exo-zodi characterisation - space
• Variety of FKSI and/or PEGASE
• High precision RV spectroscopy in IR - ground
• High stability, 1m/s, dedicated to m-dwarfs gt
  few Earth masses
• Fresnel Imager in space
• Variety of occulter
• Methods and technology status from EADS
• ESA has focussed on nulling interferometry in
  recent years. An industrial trade between
  interferometry, coronography and occulters can
  not be made on insight but require testbeds.
• Methods and technology status from ThalesAlenia

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Tasks

• Evaluation of WPs, own ideas
• External consultancy on dust related issues
• Manufacture a timeline for how events could
  unfold
• Prioritisation of top 3 (plus others ranking,
  relevance)
• Technology requirements/ compare requirements of
  SRE-PF

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Initial timeline

• Summer 2008ESA issues Call for White Papers
• Deadline for submission of White Papers 30 July
  2008 (1200 CEST)
• August 2008 - April 2009EPR-AT prepares a draft
  roadmap resulting in a draft report
• Issue of draft to community - late April?
• June 2009Workshop at which EPR-AT presents draft
  roadmap report to community and solicits feedback
• Summer 2009Final roadmap report is presented to
  ESA and to the scientific community.