CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS CBW

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CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS (CBW)
PRESENTED BY MIKE ERENO MUNAWER SAEED MARISOL
GASTELUM
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DEFINITIONS

• Biological Weapons
• Any infectious agent such as a bacteria or virus
  used intentionally to inflict harm upon others.
  This includes biologically-derived toxins and
  poisons.
• Chemical Weapons
• Chemical substances, whether gaseous, liquid or
  solid, which might be employed because of their
  direct toxic effects on man, animals, and
  plants...".

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CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS

• Blister agents
• Causes incapacitation rather
• than death (e.g mustard gas).
• Blood agents
• Usually used for assassinations
• (e.g Hydrogen Cyanide).

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EFFECTS OF MUSTARD GAS
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CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS

• Choking agents
• Causes death (e.g Phosgene).
• Nerve agents
• Most lethal of all the chemical
• weapons (e.g Sarin)

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TABLE OF CHEMICAL AGENTS
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CLASSIFICATION OF BIOLIGICAL WEAPONS

• Bacteria
• Free-living unicellular organisms that can cause
  disease (e.g anthrax).
• Ricketts
• A group of bacteria carried
• as parasites by ticks, fleas or lice
• (e.g Coxiella burnetii).

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CLASSIFICATION OF BIOLIGICAL WEAPONS

• Viruses
• A core of DNA or RNA surrounded by
• a coat of protein and require a host cell in
• order to replicate(e.g smallpox).
• Toxins
• Toxic substances produced by living
• organisms such as animals, bacteria,
• fungi, plants, and so on
• (e.g trichothecene mycotoxin (fungi)).

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Ways To Deliver

• Aerosol A fogger, capable of distributing or
  dispersing quantities of the chemical or
  biological agent into the air are the most common
  means of attacking.

• Area Contamination Contamination of meat,
  dairy animals,
• food crops and water supplies.

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Ways To Deliver

• Artillery Missiles artillery rounds or bombs
  which can be dropped from high altitude
  different missiles .

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Ways To Deliver

• Urban Attack Modes Those intended to be used
  against civilian populations in the urban
  setting.

ANTHRAX!!!!!
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ADVANTAGES OF USING CBW

• Efficient.
• Cheap.
• Easy to conceal.
• Live nature.

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DISADVANTAGES

• Unpredictability.
• Longevity.
• Unpopularity.

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TIMELINE
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TIMELINE(CONT)
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TIMELINE(CONT)
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TIMELINE(CONT)
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TIMELINE(CONT)
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TIMELINE(CONT)
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TIMELINE(CONT)
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TIMELINE(CONT)
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TIMELINE(CONT)
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WHO HAS WHAT

• http//lxmi.mi.infn.it/landnet/Biosec/harigel.pdf
  

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What is the Gulf War Syndrome?

• The GWS is a communicable, moderately contagious
  and potentially lethal disease, resulting from
  the use of biological agents on the Gulf War
  soldiers.

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Where did the Gulf War Syndrome come from?

• Biologicals - which Saddam fired at the U.S. and
  coalition forces via his Scud missiles.
• Immunizations - forced upon Americans (and
  coalition) Troops using untested, experimental
  vaccines.
• Blowback- from destroyed
• bunkers and factories that
• contained chemical and biological weapons.

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The Killer Gulf War Agent

• GWS has infected over 150,000 Gulf War veterans
  through the use of the germ warfare agent called
  Mycoplasma fermentans which is a biological
  which contains most of the (HIV) envelope gene.

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INTO THE WRONG HANDS?

• TERRORISM!
• Tokyo Incident (Sarin Gas)
• Future Attacks?

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A Professional Dilemma

• You are a member of a group of research engineers
  working in the biomedical industry
• Your research is based on finding a new flu
  vaccination
• Months into your research it is discovered that
  the technology could easily be modified into a
  deadly disease or used as a potential biological
  weapon.
• What is the right thing to do??

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Professional Dilemma Cont

• Possible Actions
• Continue project and make millions off a contract
  with the U.S. military
• Quit job because you dont want to be part of
  something that could cause mass loss of life
• Quit job and report research to the National
  Center For Disease Control
• Convince your colleagues to publish
• findings in a scientific journal
• Keep your research a secret.

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PROFESSIONAL ISSUES

• Who owns the research.
• Who should know about the research.
• Is the scientist responsible for inventing the
  cure for the disease.
• Engineers are to formally advise their employers
  or clients (and consider further disclosure, if
  warranted) if they perceive that a consequence of
  their duties will adversely affect the present or
  future health or safety of their colleagues or
  the public. (American Institute of Chemical
  Engineers)

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ETHICAL ISSUES

• Is it ethical to make money by working in the
  militarys CBW program, knowing that it has the
  potential to be used against human kind?
• Is it patriotic to make weapons of mass
  destruction for our country?
• Is it ok to quit a well paid job and suffer the
  financial consequences?

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Utilitarianists View

• Choice 3 Report research to The Center
  for Disease Control
• Consequences
• - Further research will be terminated
• - Cure for flu may not be found
• Common Good
• - Weapon will not be developed

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The Ethical Egoists View

• Choice 1 Get filthy rich off a huge military
  contract.
• Consequences
• You are rich rich rich
• Your research is put into action and thousands
  are killed
• Common good. Who Cares??

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Virtueists View

• Choice 2 Distance yourself from the
  project by quitting your job
• Consequences
• You have performed your moral duty by not being
  involved in the project
• Common Good
• Flu vaccine would still be completed

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Stakeholders

• The Scientist
• Military
• Human Beings
• Mother Earth/Nature

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Stakeholders Cont

• LOVERS!!

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FINAL DECISION

• CHOICE 3 Quit job report research to The
  Center for Disease Control