Electricity

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Copper and Zinc in intertidal surface sediment
and mud snail Telescopium telescopium
(Gastropoda) from Lukut River,Malaysia
     
   
Ahmad Ismail and Alireza Safahieh   
  Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and
Environmental Studies, University Putra Malaysia,
UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Thanks to JSPS for inviting me to this workshop
Chiangmai December 2003
Chiang Mai December 2003
Otsuchi Feb. 2004
Otsuchi Feb. 2004
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2º 34' 45" to 2º 36' 48" N 101º 47' 18" to 101º
50' 30" E
Thailand
Strait of Malacca
Kuala Lumpur
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• Lukut estuary receives different kinds of
  discharges such as
• Domestic
• Small industries
• Agriculture
• Aquaculture

This area also had been widely used for pig
farming activities before the outbreak of Nipah
virus infection in 1998.
Pig farming is known as important source of heavy
metal input (specially Cu and Zn) into the
aquatic environment in Malaysia.
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Materials and Methods
Study area
View before landing at KLIA
Sepang estuary
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Shrimp ponds underconsruction near Lukut River,
Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Tokyo (Ueno) 11 February 2004
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Tokyo (Ueno) 11 February 2004
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Chemical pollution such as heavy metals might
affect wildlife like migratory shorebirds
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Objective
To determine the level of zinc and copper in
sediment and mud snail Telescopium telescopium in
order to assess copper and zinc contamination in
the study area.
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2º 34' 45" to 2º 36' 48" N 101º 47' 18" to 101º
50' 30" E
Strait of Malacca
Kuala Lumpur
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Telescopium on the river banks during low tide at
Lukut River
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Taxonomy Class
Gastropoda Subclass
Prosobranchia Order
NeotaenioglossaFamily Potamiidea
Genus Telescopium
Species Telescopium telescopium
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(No Transcript)
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Sample collection and storage
Sediment samples

• 5cm of surface sediment.
• 3 samples from each station.
• Samples were placed in labeled plastic bag.
• Samples kept frozen prior to analysis.

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Samples of Telescopium

• Collected from intertidal zone of stations 1
  to 8.
• The total numbers of 15 snails of similar size
  (7-10cm) were
• collected at each station.
• They placed in separate labeled plastic bags
  and kept frozen
• until analysis.

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Analytical Procedure
(Sediment)
Sediment
Filtration
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10 gr. of dried sediment
Extraction of geochemical fractions
50 ml 1.0 M NHCH34COO, pH7
Agitate for 3 hrs.
EFLE
Rinse 25 ml water
50 ml 0.25M NH4OH.HCl2, pH2
Acid-Reducible
Agitate for 3 hrs.
Rinse 25 ml water
15 ml 30 H2O2- Heat to 90
50 ml 1.0 M NHCH34COO, pH2
Agitate for 3 hrs.
Oxidisable
Rinse 25 ml water
Resistant Fraction
Acid digestion
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Analysis of metals in Telescopium. sp
Snails defrosted at the laboratory temperature.
They were brushed and washed with milli-Q water
(18.2 M O).
The shells were crushed to obtain the soft
tissues.
The tissues were then washed to remove external
contamination and pressed to extract excess
water.
Soft tissues of each snail was digested in 10 ml
concentrated nitric acid (60).
Metal measured with Atomic Absorption PERKIN
ELMER 2100
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Quality control

• All glassware and equipment used were acid washed.

• Running of Quality Control Sample was routinely
  done during the period of metal analysis.

• Standard addition testing Percentages of
  recoveries were 96 for Cu, 93 for Zn.

• Using of Certified Reference Material (CRM) for
  Soil (International Atomic Energy Agency, Soil-5,
  Vienna, Austria) . The agreement of the reading
  was satisfactory ( 90.1 for Zn, 96.4 for Cu).

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2º 34' 45" to 2º 36' 48" N 101º 47' 18" to 101º
50' 30" E
Strait of Malacca
Kuala Lumpur
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Results
Mean Cu concentrations (µg/g) in geochemical
fractions of sediment samples.
Values in parentheses are percentage of the
fraction out of total concentration.
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Mean Zn concentrations (µg/g) in geochemical
fractions of sediment samples.
Values in parentheses are percentage of the
fraction out of total concentration.
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Concentration of Cu and Zn in Telescopium
telescopium (µg/g wet weight).
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Cu concentration in Telescopium, resistant and
non-resistant fractions of sediments
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Oxidizable Fraction of Cu in sediment
Cu in Telescopium
Cu in Telescopium
Cu in Telescopium
Non-resistant Fraction of Cu in sediment
Resistant Fraction of Cu in sediment
Total Cu in sediment
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Zn concentration in Telescopium, resistant and
non-resistant fractions of sediments
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Zn in T. telescopium
Zn in T. telescopium
Zn in T. telescopium
ELEF Fraction of Zn in sediment
Acid-reduced Fraction of Zn in sediment
Oxidizable Fraction of Zn in sediment
Zn in T. telescopium
Zn in T. telescopium
Zn in T. telescopium
Resistant Fraction of Zn in sediment
Non-resistant Fraction of Zn in sediment
Total Zn in sediment
Correlation between Zn concentration in total
soft tissues of T. telescopium and Zn level in
geochemical fractions of sediment.
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Telescopium/sediment Ratio
Telescopium/sediment Ratio
Telescopium/sediment Ratio
ELEF Cu
Telescopium/sediment Ratio
Telescopium/sediment Ratio
Telescopium/sediment Ratio
Non-Resistant Cu
Resistant Cu
Total Cu
Relationship between accumulation ratio of
Cu(Telescopium/sediment) and Cu concentration in
geochemical fractions of sediment.
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Telescopium/sediment Ratio
Telescopium/sediment Ratio
Telescopium/sediment Ratio
Acid reducible Zn
ELEF Zn
Oxidizable Fraction of Zn in sediment
Telescopium/sediment Ratio
Telescopium/sediment Ratio
Telescopium/sediment Ratio
Resistant Zn
Non-Resistant Zn
Total Zn
Relationship between accumulation ratio of Zn
(Telescopium/sediment) and Zn concentration in
geochemical fractions of sediment.
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Cu and Zn in surface sediment (ug/g) from west
coast of Peninsular Malaysia
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Cu and Zn in molluscs (ug/g) from west coast of
Peninsular Malaysia and Australia
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Thank you for your attention
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Thank you