Harvard Referencing

1
Harvard Referencing

• Be consistent and precise!

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During this session, youll learn

• Why we reference our work
• How to use in-text references competently
• How to compile lists of end references, for
  books, journal articles and web pages.

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Why reference?

• To avoid plagiarism
• To acknowledge direct quotes
• To provide evidence to support arguments
• So that readers can check how much preparation
  has gone into your work and can find extra
  information

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In-Text References

• These appear in the main body of the text to
  indicate the source of your information
• Use in-text references whenever you mention facts
  written by someone else, or when you include
  someone elses ideas
• Write the surname of the author and the date of
  publication, in brackets e.g. (Greaves, 2004)
• Use letters after the date to distinguish between
  books by the same author published in the same
  year (Greaves, 2004a)

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In-Text References

• Include a reference at the end of a sentence.
  (Greaves, 2004)
• Greaves (2004) says that references can be
  written in the middle of a sentence.
• For direct quotes, use speech marks and state
  the page number of the source in the reference.
  (Greaves, 2004, p.72)
• Remember that what you put in the in-text
  reference must direct the reader to the correct
  reference in the end list.

6
End List References / Bibliography

• The end list is a list of sources that you have
  either quoted directly or used arguments from,
  listed in alphabetical order by author (or
  editor) surname
• Be consistent with formats capitals italics
  should be used in the same way throughout
• You should also include a bibliography of items
  consulted but not cited in your work

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End list references - books

• MEGGS, P.B. (ed.) (1998) A history of Graphic
  Design, 3rd ed., Chichester John Wiley
• In-text (Meggs, 1998)
• 1st 2nd author / editor surnames (include (ed.)
  if editors) in capitals
• Publication year in brackets
• Title in italics
• Edition number (where relevant)
• Place of publication
• Publisher
• Also note the punctuation between each piece of
  information about your sources.

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Journal articles

• GERA, T. (2002) Keep your hair on, New
  Scientist, 23 (12), 13 October, p. 28-35
• In-text (Gera, 2002)
• Article author in capitals
• Publication year in brackets
• Article title in speech marks
• Journal title in italics
• Volume issue / part number, and publication
  date
• Page numbers

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Web Sites

• Jazz review. Your complete resource for jazz
  music reviews. Online. Available from
  http//www.jazzreview.com. Accessed 18 October
  2003
• In-text (Jazz review, accessed 2003)
• Title of web site in italics
• Web site address underlined
• The date you accessed the site in square
  brackets (this is important as web pages can
  change frequently)

10
Referencing

• Using the book details that you found on the
  library catalogue, produce an in-text and an
  end-list reference.
• In-text
• (Author surname, date of publication)
• End-list
• AUTHOR. (ed.) (Publication year) Title, ed.,
  Place of publication Publisher.