The Central Nervous System

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The Central Nervous System

• Cerebrum, Cerebellum
• Spinal Cord

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The Cerebrum Key Features

• Longitudinal Fissure Blue (D1)
• Separating Left and Right sides
• Gyri (Gyrus) Red (C-C2)
• Surface folds Surface Area
• Sulci (Sulcus) Green (E-E3)
• Intervening Grooves reflecting lobes

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Question Take 5 in 2s

• Why do you think the brain is grooved and
  folded?
• Observation 1 The only mammal with more grooves
  and folds than the human, is the dolphin.
• Observation 2 The surface (cortex) is composed
  of a dense sheets of neurons important for the
  most complex brain activities.

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Facts Cerebral Cortex

• Adult Human Cortex 1.5 ft2
• Site of uniquely human reasoning and thinking
• Thalamus is the gateway to the cortex
  integrating important information from the senses
  and the cortex

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Lobes of the Cortex

• Frontal Purple (F)
• Voluntary motor functions, mood
• Parietal Blue Hatches (G)
• Reception of sensory information
• Occipital Red Hatches (H)
• Receives visual information
• Temporal Green Hatches (I)
• Smell and hearing input memory!

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Connecting Motor/Thought and Senses

• What goes into pitching?
• Decision to act
• Draw on experiences
• Evaluate sensory information

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Questions

• Read page 207 Functional Areas of the Cerebral
  Cortex
• What part of the cortex receives information from
  the senses/body?
• What area initiates movement?
• How are these two areas coordinated?

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Demo Time!

• Talk us through a pitch
• Note
• What precedes initiating movement?
• What information is necessary before deciding on
  the pitch?
• Where does the final execution command
  originate?

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Answers

• Primary sensory areas Parietal Lobe after being
  gated through the Thalamus
• Premotor Area Frontal Lobe, after being
  planned in the Prefrontal area.
• Association Areas Make the connections near
  sensory areas

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Complete the Picture

• Identify the following Functional areas on your
  Cerebrum
• Prefrontal
• Premotor
• Primary motor
• Primary somatosensory cortex
• Somatic Sensory Association Area

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Cerebellum Little Brain

• Locate
• Cerebellar Nuclei Red(B)
• Cerebellar Cortex Blue (C)
• Functions Balance, maintaining muscle tone,
  coordinating fine motor moves
• Comparator Check it out!

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Cerebellar Function

• Try this
• Touch your nose with your finger
• CLOSE YOUR EYES REPEAT!
• How did you hit your nose with your eyes
  closed??? (Inquiring minds want to know)

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Cerebellar Activity Comparing Information

• Receives an efferent motor copy of intended
  move
• Receives an afferent report from proprioceptors

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The Cerebellum is very sensitive to alcohol
toxicity!
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Assignment

• Write a Paragraph
• 1. Complete the description of other Cortical
  functions (speech and memory)
• 2. What was the point of doing a Frontal
  Lobotomy?