Westward Expansion 1820s1850

1
Westward Expansion(1820s-1850)

• Texas
• Early Settlement
• Texas War (1835-36)
• Lone Star Republic (1836-45)
• Manifest Destiny
• Polk
• Texas Annexation
• Oregon
• Joint Occupation
• Oregon Treaty (1846)
• California/Southwest
• Background
• Mexican War (1846-48)

• Key Terms
• Mexican Colonization Law
• Stephen Austin
• Texans
• Santa Anna
• The Alamo
• Sam Houston
• James K. Polk
• 54 40 or Fight
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

2
US Territorial Expansion
From 890,000 square miles in 1790 to 3 million in
1850
3
Early Settlement Texas

• In early 1820s about 3,000 illegal immigrants
  (from US) lived in Mexico.

• Mexican Government How do we address problem so
  theyre loyal Mexican citizens?

4
Mexican Colonization Law(1824)
American Immigrants could receive a League
Labor of land if they

• Became Mexican citizens.
• Obeyed Mexican laws.
• Slavery was illegal.
• Converted to Catholicism.

5
League Labor

• League 4,400 acres of grazing land
• Labor 170 acres of farmland

6
Texas Colonizer
Stephen Austin

• An Empresario who led many American families to
  Texas.
• Over 35,000 Americans had moved by 1835.
• Texans Former American citizens who moved to
  Texas most lived in the region of Coahuila y
  Texas.

7
US/Mexican Relations

• US minister to Mexico authorized to buy Texas,
  but failed
• But, he did return with

Joel Poinsett
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Mexican Government(A New President)
General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Perez de
Lebron

• Santa Annas policies led to tension with Texans.
• Result Texas War for Independence (1835-36).

9
Sam Houston
Texas War For Independence (1835-36)

• What was this war?
• Texans vs. Mexico

• Houston led Texans in fight for Independence from
  Mexico.
• He and Austin attempted (but failed) to obtain
  help from US Government.

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Texas War For Independence
Alamo-187 Texans vs. 5,000 Mexicans
Goliad-Texan POWs were killed
San Jacinto- Texans slaughter Mexicans win
the war
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Lone Star Republic
From 1836-1845 Texas was an independent nation
called the Lone Star Republic.
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Manifest Destiny

• The American claim is by the right of our
  manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the
  whole of the continent which Providence has given
  us for the development of the great experiment of
  liberty and federative self-government entrusted
  to us. It is a right such as that of the tree to
  the space of air and earth suitable for the full
  expansion of its principle and destiny of growth

• John L. OSullivan

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Expansion West
Key Concept
Manifest Destiny (1840s)

• Belief which held that the nations obvious
  destiny was to expand from the Atlantic to
  Pacific Ocean.

• Many Americans believed the US was special
  because of its democratic style of government.

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Presidents Manifest Destiny
James K. Polk (1845-49)
Polk promised to

• Acquire Oregon, Texas, and California for the US.
• Retire after one term as President.

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Polk Texas

• After Polks election, but before his
  inauguration.
• Texas entered the Union as the 28th state in 1845.

Polk and Dallas Flag
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Polk Oregon
Oregon was Jointly Occupied by the US and Great
Britain since 1819
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James K. Polk Oregon

• Polks campaign slogan 54 40 or Fight.

• Privately, Polk agreed to compromise with the
  British this led to Oregon Treaty (1846).

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Oregon Treaty(1846)

• 49th parallel became the boundary between the US
  and Great Britain (Canada).
• The British received Vancouver Island.

19
Polk California

• US tried to purchase California Southwest (25
  million) Mexico refused.
• US/Mexico border was disputed.

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Close-up Of Disputed Area
US Troops were sent into the disputed region
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US Army Occupation, Texas
This picture shows US forces occupying the
disputed territory with Mexico.
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Polk California

• US tried to purchase California Southwest (25
  million) Mexico refused.
• US/Mexico border was disputed.

• Fighting broke out in 1846 between US Mexican
  forces which lasted until 1848.

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Treaty Of Guadalupe Hidalgo(1848)
Treaty that ended the Mexican War

• Rio Grande was border between US Mexico.

• US received California territory in Southwest.
• US gave Mexico 15 million.

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Presidents Manifest Destiny
James K. Polk (1845-49)
Polk promised to

• Acquire Oregon, Texas, and California for the US.
• Retire after one term as President.

25
Westward Expansion(1820s-1850)

• Texas
• Early Settlement
• Texas War (1835-36)
• Lone Star Republic (1836-45)
• Manifest Destiny
• Polk
• Texas Annexation
• Oregon
• Joint Occupation
• Oregon Treaty (1846)
• California/Southwest
• Background
• Mexican War (1846-48)

• Key Terms
• Mexican Colonization Law
• Stephen Austin
• Texans
• Santa Anna
• The Alamo
• Sam Houston
• James K. Polk
• 54 40 or Fight
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo