CC Screening of Danish Development Cooperation Programme with Benin

1
CC Screening of Danish Development Cooperation
Programme with Benin

• Baastel
• Copenhagen, 11 June 2008

2
Introduction

• Context, objective and organization of study
• Climate Change context in Benin
• Vulnerability to climate change
• National context and existing responses
• Screening  of sector programmes preliminary
  results
• Main recommendations
• Avenues for follow up

3
Context, objectives and organization of study (1)

• Climate Action and Development Programme Improve
  the climate resilience of Danish Cooperation
  Interventions.
• Climate Screening consist of
• Evaluation of CC related risks which can impede
  result achievement
• Identification of adaptation opportunities
• Action Plan for the implementation of the CCA
  activities identified

4
Contexte, objectives and organization of study (2)

• Obj. Mission
• To assist the Danish Embassy in Benin in
  operationalising its support programmes taking
  into account climate change and national actions
  for climate change adaptation (NAPA), and in
  synergy and/or complementarity with other
  agencies
• Analysis of capacities required to deal with
  climate change adaptation and natural risk and
  disaster management
• 3 experts from Baastel, 2-9 June 2008
• Meetings with various stakeholders
• including the various ministries involved in the
  sector programmes (MH, MTPT, MAEP)
• Other ministries such as MEPN, MMEE, DPPC, CNDD,
  ABE, ASECNA, ONASA, ABERME, Urban planning, etc
• NGO (IDID, Nature Tropicale, OFEDI, Bénin 21,
  Jeunesse sans frontière)
• International Development Partners (AFD, WB, EC,
  BTC, Impetus, GTZ, UNDP),
• Universities and research institutes (INRAB,
  CIFRED, ISBA)
• Private or semi-private actors such as SONEB

5
Climate Change Context in Benin

• CC Vulnerable country (pressure on degraded and
  fragile environment in the North-West)
• High concentration of population in the coastal
  zone and the Ouémé Valley
• Results of climate modeling done for the Initial
  national communication predict
• An increase in temperature from 1 to 2,5 C by
  2100 
• An increase between 6 and 19,5 of water loss
  through evaporation 
• An increase in the length of the dry season
  between 1 and 2 months, depending on the
  location
• A sea level rise of 20 cm by 2030 40 cm by 2070
  et 60 to 70 cm by the end of the 21st century.
• Other recent studies highlight the increase in
  climate variability.

6
Vulnerability to Climate Change

• At the national level, the NAPA highlights in
  particular the following increased threats
• Drought
• Late and more violent rainfalls and,
• Floods.

7
Vulnerability to CC (Water)

• The models suggest the following impacts on water
  resources
• Exacerbation of the hydrological cycle
  (withnessing phenomena up to now little known in
  the sub-region)
• Increase in the frequency and intensity of
  floods
• Increased occurrences of more severe droughts
• Decrease in ground water tables (alluvial
  aquifers)
• Degradation of water quality
• Notable decrease in water resources
• Decrease in ground water aquifers replenishment
  due to decreased rainfalls
• Negative impacts on hydropower.

8
Vulnerability to CC (Agriculture)

• Directs impacts of climate change on agriculture
  relate to
• Change in crop patterns
• Change in soil conditions and decreased soil
  productivity
• Shorter crop cycles and early flowering, due to
  increased temperatures
• Decreased productivity of agriculture
• Increased related risks to food security
• Already, some provinces have shown food shortages
  in the regions most subjected to climate
  variability
• Exacerbated by the movement of pastoralists and
  their herds (coming from Northern Benin and in
  particular from Niger and Nigeria, leading to
  land conflicts in Benin in some regions.

9
Vulnerability to CC (Roads)

• One notes the increased vulnerability of
• Sanitation infrastructures, main roads and feeder
  roads due to more intense and more frequent
  floods
• These infrastructures were developed on norms and
  standards that have not yet factored in changes
  to local climate
• The maximum quantity of water that drainage
  systems can accommodate will more and more be
  surpassed by events, with negative consequences
  to be expected
• In areas with unstable soil, the occurrences of
  land slides will be more frequent
• In the coastal zone, coastal erosion could be
  exacerbated by predicted sea level rise
• Already one can see coastal erosion due to other
  factors, which has already led to the destruction
  of several infrastructures in Benin (PALM BEACH
  Hotel, village of Docloboé)
• Lands have disappeared in the sea
• Sanitation infrastructures are often overtaken by
  runoff waters
• Several roads can already be cut off for hours at
  once.

10
National Context and Existing Responses

• Signatory to UNFCCC and KP
• Central role played up-to-now by MEPN on climate
  change issues
• Key documents INC NSAP/CCV Second NC in
  progress NAPA (2008)
• Limited capacity of government structures at
  various levels
• DRR System still non-functional
• NAPA development was done through a highly
  participatory process
• Challenge Implementation of adaptation measures
  through sectoral leadership

11
National Context and Existing Responses (2)

• Immediate development needs dominate the agenda
  but have a direct bearing on adaptation capacity,
  for instance
• 0 sewage in Cotonou, 50 of Benin population
  does not have access to potable water
• Effective useful life of main roads in Benin is
  rarely above 7 to 10 years
• Low agricultural productivity, little irrigation,
  food security crisis in 2008, dependency on
  cotton sub-sector, etc

12
PADSEA 2 - WS Sector
13
PASR 2 Transportation Sector
14
PADSA 2 Agricultural Sector
Baastel
15
Main Recommandations

• Dissemination/awareness raising/training Ensure
  awareness raising and training sessions in
  climate change to stakeholders involved at all
  levels in the three programmes
• Support the integration of CC related data in the
  long term planning of the Water Directorate
  (DG/Eau)
• Adaptation to sanitation infrastructures in
  higher risk zones (latrines)
• Support to a CC and CC impact modeling system at
  the sub-regional level

• PASEA, PASR, PADSA after the mission
• PADSEA 2009
• PADSEA after the mission
• Embassy or regional funds? after the mission

16
Avenues for future programming

• Add the CCA theme to the coordination agenda
  between development partners in the agricultural,
  water and sanitation, and transport sectors
• Seriously consider supporting NAPA projects 1, 3
  and 4 and establish formal links with DANIDA
  programmes in the agricultural sector and the
  water and sanitation sector
• Develop an implement a rural economy support
  programme within an integrated watershed
  management approach, and including
• A detailed study on all baseline data required to
  allow the factoring of the impacts of climate
  change in the transport sector
• Update biophysical, anthropological and
  socio-economic data
• Support watershed management master plans
• Promote inter-sectoral coordination
• Etc.

17
Some Proposals for Follow Up

• In West Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa
• look for opportunities to develop modeling and
  training modules on a regional level
• Bring the adaptation issue to the table with
  international and national partners
• Support already existing regional initiatives
  looking at climate impacts in various sectors
• Also focus on  good development  practices.
• At the Corporate Level
• Consider adding a climate screening step at the
  appraisal stage for future programmes.

18
Thank You!