AP U'S' History

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AP U.S. History

• American Life in the Seventeenth Century
• 1607-1692
• pp. 66-83

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The Unhealthy Chesapeake

• Wilderness life nasty, difficult, short
• Malaria, dysentery, other diseases lifespan 10
  years shorter
• Slow growth through immigration, not birth
• Most immigrants were single men 61 ratio with
  women
• Families few and fragile
• Immunity slowly came, more families

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The Tobacco Economy

• Tobacco cultivation widespread in Chesapeake
  region
• Quickly drained the soil
• Huge demand for new land
• Provoked Indian attacks
• More production lower prices colonists
  planted even more to make up the difference
• Most affordable early labor system indentured
  servitude
• Headright system encouraged system through land
  grants
• Indentured servitude hard, hopeful life

4
Frustrated Freeman and Bacons Rebellion

• Increasing discontent more at an economic
  disadvantage growing frustrated
• Many landless discontents were disfranchised by
  the Virginia assembly in 1670
• William Berkley, Governor
• 1676 Nathaniel Bacon, a planter, led group of
  angry frontiersmen searching for land
• Angered at Berkleys Indian policy he wouldnt
  retaliate over attacks on outer settlements
• Bacon took the group and retaliated anyway
  attacked Indian settlements, chased out Berkley,
  and burned the capital
• Civil War in Virginia Bacon dies of disease
  Rebels crushed and many hung by Berkley
• Rebellion over, but tensions still heavy

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Bacon and Berkley
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Colonial Slavery

• Not in North America in large numbers until after
  1700
• Growth of slavery slow at first expensive
• By late 1680s/early 1700s slave trade increases
• Most came from west coast of Africa captured by
  opposing tribes and sold to slave traders
• Middle passage captives bound, branded, shipped
  off high death rate survivors auctioned off
  in the colonies
• Legal distinction between slave and servant forms

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Africans in America

• Restrictions on slaves, nature of their slavery
  change their lives, and lives of their children
• Slave codes
• Slave life hardest in the South Climate, work
  draining
• Slaves in Chesapeake somewhat better off
  Tobacco less demanding than rice, geography and
  climate better family life
• Slave culture forms mix of native Africans and
  African Americans

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Southern Society

• Hierarchy of wealth large gaps between
  groups/classes of people
• Planters at the top monopolized wealth and
  political power among a few families
• Hard-working, though, and not civilized as
  English versions of aristocracy
• Beneath planters were small farmers largest
  social group
• Below planters were landless whites many former
  indentured servants
• Bottom of society slaves
• Plantation life cities slow to emerge farming
  focus, disease, climate against them

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The New England Family

• Healthier region cooler climate, clean water,
  less disease
• Actually lived 10 years longer than in Old World
• New Englanders migrated as family groups, not
  individually
• Grew from natural increase, unlike Chesapeake
• Women wedded young had children every 2 years
• Birthing very dangerous often deadly to woman
  and child

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New England Families

• Families large, brought stability
• Women had no property rights, unlike in the South
  and the Old World
• Women could not vote, considered morally weaker
  not totally without rights, however
• Divorce rare, adultery punished severely

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Life in the New England Towns

• Tightly knit society based around small villages
  and farms
• Puritanism also united
• Unlike Chesapeake, where settlement was random
  and spread out
• New England orderly in development towns
  chartered, directed by proprietors
• All towns similar meetinghouse, etc.
• More than fifty families in a town elementary
  education required first law regarding public
  school
• Government town meeting based on
  congregational church

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New England Primer
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Primer
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Hornbook
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The Half-Way Covenant and the Salem Witch Trials

• Population increase spread people out, often
  beyond the influence of the church
• Old fervor dying, conversions decreasing
• Half-Way Covenant attempt to increase church
  membership new members could admit to baptism
  but not full conversion and be admitted partial
  membership rights - Jeremiads
• Diluted the idea of elect
• Women dominated church life
• Salem Witch Trials hysteria

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The New England Way of Life

• Soil filled with stones farming difficult
• Frugality emerged as a result of difficult life
• Scraped a living from land and sea, but little
  farming trade
• Less ethnically mixed than South fewer
  immigrants
• Climate could be extreme
• Trails formed, woodlands regulated
• Owning vs. wasting the land New England v.
  Indians
• Introduction of livestock good and bad
• Calvinism, soil, climate self-reliance,
  resourcefulness

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The Early Settlers Days and Ways

• Schedules based on season
• Almost everyone farmed, contributed
• Life simple, but comfortable
• Seeking fresh start later form Middle Class
• Few class distinctions based on skill, not
  wealth/property