Biodiesel 101

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Biodiesel 101
An introduction to biodiesel, a fast-growing,
high-quality American-made fuel.
Express Edition 9/05
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What Is Biodiesel?

• Renewable fuel for any
• diesel engine
• From renewable resources
• such as soybeans
• Used in pure form (B100) or
• blended with petroleum
• diesel at any level
• Made in the USA
• Available in 50 states

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What Is Biodiesel?

• General Definition
• Biodiesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for
  diesel engines derived from natural oils, such as
  soybean oil, that meets the specifications of
  American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) D
  6751.
• Additional Information
• Biodiesel can be used in any concentration with
  petroleum-based diesel fuel in existing diesel
  engines with little or no modification. Biodiesel
  is not raw vegetable oil. It is produced by a
  chemical process that removes glycerin from the
  oil.

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Biodiesel Production
100 lbs. of soybean oil 10 lbs. of
methanol 100 lbs. of soy biodiesel (B100) 10
lbs. of glycerin
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Biodiesel Blends
B100 100 biodiesel
B20 20 biodiesel 80 petroleum diesel
B10 10 biodiesel 90 petroleum diesel
B5 5 biodiesel 95 petroleum diesel
B2 2 biodiesel 98 petroleum diesel
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Rudolf Diesel

• Designed diesel engine in
• 1894 to run on peanut oil
• The use of vegetable oils for
• engine fuels may seem
• insignificant today. But such
• oils may become in the
• course of time as important as
• petroleum and the coal tar
• products of the present time.
• 1912

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Dominant Feedstock

• Oil from U.S. soybeans
• Soy biodiesel
• thoroughly researched
• road/field-tested
• 10 years of testing
• development
• funded by U.S.
• soybean farmers

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Biodiesel Uses

• Trucks
• Mining
• Construction
• Heating oil
• Electric generators

• Buses
• Transit
• Marine
• Agriculture
• Other diesel engine users

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Biodiesel Users

• Some major customers include
• City of Philadelphia
• Florida Power Light
• Hamilton Southeastern Schools, Ind.
• Lambert-St. Louis International Airport
• DelDOT, MODOT, NJDOT, others
• NASA
• Omaha Public Power
• Town of Breckenridge
• U.S. Forest Service
• U.S. Military
• U.S. Postal Service
• More!

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Yellowstone Park
We're stewards of protecting this national
treasure, and using biodiesel is one way we can
best do that. Our vehicles run great on
biodiesel, just like on petroleum diesel even
during our coldest days in the harsh winter.
Jim Evanoff, management assistant
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Biodiesel EPACT

• Energy Policy Act (EPACT) compliance option
• federal, state and public
• utility fleets
• convenient, least-cost option

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Biodiesel Quality

• Registered with EPA
• legal fuel
• health effects testing completed
• National Fuel Standard
• ASTM D 6751

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Engine Warranties

• Up to B20 consistent with U.S. engine
  manufacturers warranties
• Warranties differ
• Position statements on NBB Web site
• www.biodiesel.org

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Biodiesel Performance

• Similar to petroleum diesel
• Highest BTU content of any alternative fuel
• High cetane
• minimum cetane of 47
• higher than most 2 diesel

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Biodiesel Performance

• High lubricity
• 2 biodiesel improves fuel lubricity by up to 66
• protects, extends engine life
• High flash point
• 260ºF vs. 125ºF for diesel
• safest fuel to use, handle, store

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Biodiesel Performance

• 55 million miles of on-road use
• Startup, range, cold weather performance similar
  to petroleum diesel
• Fuel consumption, horsepower, torque, haulage
  rates similar to petroleum diesel

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Biodiesel Performance

• Operates in conventional engines fuel injection
  equipment
• Cold flow
• for B2 B20, use same precautions as 2
  petroleum diesel
• No special storage required

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LambertSt. Louis Airport
The reliability is great. Weve sustained
25-below wind-chill factor for multiple days and
never had a problem with the B20. Most of the
vehicle operators didnt even know we had
switched to biodiesel. Frank Williams,
former fleet maintenance foreman
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Biodiesel Clean Air

• Safer to breathe
• Less offensive exhaust
• Reduces cancer-causing compounds by 8090
• compared to petroleum
• diesel exhaust

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Biodiesel Clean Air
We transport a fair amount of physically and
mentally disabled students. One bus driver said
her kids were struggling to breathe when she was
unloading them on the lifts. The tailpipes happen
to be right there so you see these kids reaction
to the diesel fumesthey just dont like it. And
the biodiesel vehicles have a significantly less
obnoxious smell to them. Joe Biluck Jr.,
Medford Township, NJ, Public Schools
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Biodiesel Environment

• Made from renewable resources
• Biodegrades four times faster than petroleum
  diesel
• Will not harm fish

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Biodiesel Energy Balance

• Highest energy balance of any fuel
• 3.2 units of energy gained per one unit of fossil
  fuel to produce
• Petroleum diesel production creates negative
  energy balance
• only .88 unit of energy per one unit
• of fossil fuel to produce
• One gallon of biodiesel could conserve
• four gallons of petroleum diesel

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Biodiesel Energy Security

• Petroleum imports projected to provide 70 of
  U.S. demand in 2025
• Up from 54 in 2002
• U.S. now consumes 20 million barrels of oil a day
• 10 million imported

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Biodiesel Incentives

• State incentives
• Federal tax incentive
• Effective in 2005
• Excise tax credit
• taken at blender level
• .01 per blended for
• soy biodiesel
• Should make soy biodiesel more affordable than
  ever!

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Biodiesel Alliance

• Easy to joindo it!
• www.biodiesel.org
• Individuals Backers
• fuel suppliers
• consumers
• farmers
• truckers
• other diesel users
• Organizations Alliance
• environmental
• health
• government
• special interest

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Biodiesel Resources

• National Biodiesel Board (NBB)
• informational and technical resources,
• videos, database
• www.biodiesel.org
• 800/841-5849
• State Soybean Checkoff Boards
• information, education, materials
• www.unitedsoybean.org/who_states.cfm
• United Soybean Board (USB)
• Biobased Products Initiative (BPI)
• www.unitedsoybean.org
• 800/989-8721
• American Soybean Association (ASA)
• energy policy
• www.soygrowers.com
• 800/688-7692