What is Scoliosis

1
What is Scoliosis

• Scoliosis is abnormal curvature of the spine.
• Scoliosis involves a three-dimensional
  deformity.(the state of being deformed.) of the
  spiral column and some of the spinal bones may
  rotate slightly, making hips of shoulders appear
  uneven.it may develop as a single primary side to
  side curve (resembling the letter c)

• To make up for compensating secondary curve that
  form an s shape.
• Scoliosis mostly likely to develops in the lumber
  parts of the spinal cord thoracolumbar region,
  which is the area between the upper back (the
  thoracic area)and lower back (lumbar area). It
  also may occur only in the upper back or the
  lower back .of the lower back

2
What causes Scoliosis?

• In 80 of patients, the cause of scoliosis is
  unknown.
• Such cases are called idiopathic
  scoliosis.(Idiopathic simply means with out a
  known cause.) the inherited factors include most
  likely from the mothers side. How ever, the
  severity (unsparing of harsh , a sin treatment of
  others)

• Often varies (changes) widely (big) among family
  members who have the condition, stating that
  other factors must be present.
• Researchers have not been able to identify the
  specific genetic abnormalities that make a young
  person susceptible to spinal distortion (to twist
  out of a proper of natural shape or position.

3
Who gets Scoliosis?

• Idiopathic (without a unknown cause) scoliosis,
  the most common form, occurs most often during
  the growth spurt(a sudden short burst of energy
  of activity) right before and during adolescence.
  Between 12 and 21 of idiopathic causes occur in
  children aged three often percent and less than
  one percent in infants.

• About 2 to 4 of all adolescents develop
  curvature of 10 degrees of more, but only about
  0, 3 it 0,5 of teenagers have curves greater
  than 20 degrees, which require medical attention.
  
• Mild curvature(under 20 degrees) occur about
  equally in girls and boys, but curve progression
  (movement forward advanced is 10 times more
  likely to occur in girls.

4
What are the symptoms of Scoliosis?

• Scoliosis is usually painless. Often the
  curvature itself may be too subtle to be noticed,
  even by observant parents. Some may notice
  abnormal posture in their growing children of
  child that include.
• A Tilted head that does not line up over the hips
  
• A protruding (to push of jut outward) shoulder
  blade

• One hip of shoulder that is higher than the
  others causing an un even hem of shirt line
• An uneven neckline.
• Leaning more to one side than the other.
• In developing girls, breasts appearing to be of
  unequal size.
• One side of the upper back being higher than the
  other when the child bends over, knees together,
  with the arms dangling down

5
Continuation

• Fatigue may occur after a long time sitting or
  standing, scoliosis caused by muscle spasms( a
  sudden involuntary muscular contraction or
  growths on the spine can sometimes cause pain.

6
How is Scoliosis diagnosed ?

• Need for treatment is usually determined by two
  factors.
• The extent (area of distance over which scoliosis
  is diagnosed when the curve measured 11degrees or
  more.) the angle of the trunk rotation (ATR)

• The child bends forward, hanging the arms, with
  the feet together and knees straight, the curve
  of structural scoliosis is more apparent when
  bending over. In a child with scoliosis, the one
  side being higher than the other, of deformities.

7
What are the general guidelines for treating
scoliosis

• The general rule of thumb for treating scoliosis
  is to monitor the condition if the curve is less
  than 20 degrees and consider treating curves
  greater than 25 degrees while being monitored.

• Whether scoliosis is treated immediately of
  simply monitored is not a easy decision, however.
  The percentage of cases that will progress more
  than 5 degrees can be as low as 5 in certain
  cases of as high as 50 to 90, depending on the
  severity of the curve.

8
What are no surgical measures for managing the
effects of scoliosis?

• Exercise has many health benefits and is
  important for maintaining strength and muscle
  tone and stabilizing weight. Early studies did
  not find any reduction in or slowing of
  progression of curves with exercise.

• Few were performed, however, and German
  researchers have suggested that such studies were
  doe before specific exercises were developed that
  might be helpful. In the 27 showed less
  progression after physiotherapy than that
  expected in patients with no treatment.

9
Congenital Scoliosis

• Is caused by inborn spinal deformities that may
  result in the development of absent or fused
  vertebrae. Kidney. The condition usually becomes
  noticeable at either age two or between ages
  eight and 13 as spine begins to grow more
  quickly, putting additional stress on the
  abnormal vertebrae. It is essential to diagnose
  and monitor such curvatures as early as possible,
  since they can progress quickly.

10
Risks For multiple E-Rays For Scoliosis?

• The risk for developing cancer or problems in one
  study certain patients treated for scoliosis
  between 1980 and 1993 did have some risks. They
  were highest in those who and the largest
  radiation exposure, such as those who had been
  surgically treated. Patients who simply received
  e-ray series for untreated idiopathic scoliosis
  or scoliosis caused by uneven lengths legs or hip
  abnormalities had a very low risk for any future
  complications.

11
Medical Risk Factors

• People with certain medical conditions that
  affect the joints and muscles are at higher risk
  for scoliosis.
• Family History
• In one study idiopathic scoliosis occurred in
  about 5 of close family members of children with
  the condition

• Young Athletes
• A 2000 Bulgarian study reported that young girls
  engaged in intensive training for rhythmic
  gymnastics, an exacting sport that combines
  gymnastic and dance moves, had a 10-fold
  increased risk for scoliosis.

12
Continuation

• The scoliosis may have been due in part to
  loosening of the joints, delay in puberty onset
  (which can lead to weakened bones), and stresses
  on the growing spine.
• There have been other reports of a higher risk
  for scoliosis in young athletes who engage in
  vigorous sports that put an uneven load on spine.
  These include figure skating, dance, tennis,
  skiing, javelin throwing, and other sports. It
  should be strongly noted that in most cases the
  scoliosis is minor, and everyday sports do not
  lead to scoliosis. Exercise has many benefits
  for people both young and old and may even help
  patients with scoliosis.

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Works Cited

• Reviewed by Harvey Simon, MD, Editor-in-chief,
  well-connected reports Associate Professor of
  Medicine, Harvard Medical School Physician,
  Massachusetts General Hospital