Integumentary System Chapter 70

1
Integumentary SystemChapter 70
2
Overview Pg 1253

• The INTEGUMENT includes structures that cover the
  exterior surface of the body.
• The primary structure is the skin, which contains
  sebaceous and sweat glands and sensory nerve
  endings.
• The integument also includes accessory structures
  such as the hair and nails.

3
Integument Functions

• 1. Protects the body from environmental injuries
• 2. Help to regulate body temperature
• 3. Serve as sensory organs
• 4. Facilitate the synthesis of Vitamin D.

4
A P

• On your own!!!

5
Skin Assessment pg 1256

• Examine the skin on all areas of the body.
• The skin should be smooth, unbroken, of uniform
  color according to the persons ethnic or racial
  origin, warm, resilient, and feel neither wet nor
  unusually dry.
• Look at table70-1 pg. 12556 for Common Skin
  Color Variations!!

6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
Terms for Various Skin LesionsTable 70-2 pg 1257
9
Staging Pressure Sores 1259

• Pressure sores, also know as Decubitus ulcers,
  occur when capillary blood flow to the area is
  reduced.
• Common locations include the skin over the coccyx
  and sacrum in the lower spine, the hips, heels,
  elbows, should blades, ears, and back of head.
  (Fig, 70-4 pg. 1258 )

10
Persons at Greatest RiskBox 70-1 pg 1258
11
Staging Pressure Sores

• STAGE I
• Characterized by redness of the skin.
• The reddened skin of a beginning pressure sore
  fails to resume its normal color, or blanch, when
  pressure is relieved

12
Staging Pressure Sores

• STAGE II
• Is red and is accompanied by blistering or a
  shallow break in the skin, sometimes described as
  a SKIN TEAR.
• Impairment of the skin leads to microbial
  colonization and infection of the wound.

13
Staging Pressure Sores

• STAGE III
• Those in which the superficial skin impairment
  progresses to a shallow crater that extends to
  the subcutaneous tissue.
• May have serous drainage from leaking plasma or
  purulent drainage (white or yellow-tinged fluid)
  caused by a wound infection.
• The area is relatively painless.

14
Staging Pressure Sores

• STAGE IV
• The most traumatic and life-threatening.
• The tissue is deeply ulcerated, exposing muscle
  and bone (fig 70-6).
• The dead tissue produces a rank odor.
• Local infection, which is the rule rather than
  the exception, easily spreads throughout the
  body, causing a potentially fatal condition
  referred to as sepsis.

15
Staging Pressure Sores
16
Staging Pressure Sores
17
Staging Pressure Sores
18
STAGES
19
Measures to Prevent

• Turning repositioning frequently.
• Keep skin clean and dry
• Massaging bony prominences if the skin blanches
  with pressure relief.
• Using a moisturizing skin cleanser rather than
  soap.

20
Measures to Prevent

• Applying pressure-relieving devices to the bed
  and chairs.
• Padding body areas that are subject to pressure
  friction.
• Avoid shearing, a physical force that separates
  layers of tissue in opposite directions, for
  example, when a seated client slides downward.

21
Measures to Prevent
22
Medical Treatment

• Various types of therapies are used in the tx or
  management of skin disorders.
• They include drug therapy, wet dressings,
  therapeutic baths, surgical excision, radiation
  therapy, photochemotherapy, hyperbaric
  oxygenation, and lifestyle changes. On your own!!