Genetics and Social Issues

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Genetics and Social Issues(?????????????????????
???????)
??? ??????????? ??????????????
2
Introduction

• Social issues where genetics is involved.
• Include politics, law, abortion, eugenics,
  environmental concerns, sex control, genetic
  engineering, race, and intelligence.

• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????(positive eugenics)
  ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????

3
Genetics and Law

• Laws on matters related to consanguineous
  marriages
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????

www.sybervision.com
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• Laws on abortion
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????? ????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????

www.emedicine.com
www.biblia.com
5
??????????????????? ??????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??? ???????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????
www.bible.ca
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• Laws banning persons with genetic defects from
  reproduction ?
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????? ???? ????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????

• Should persons with criminal tendencies be
  sterilized ?
• ????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????
  ??????????? ?????????????????????????

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Choice of Sex

• In rural areas, boys are preferred .
• ??????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ? ????????????
• In upper class, boys are more desirable.
• ?????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ????????????????????????

www.ourcommission.org
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• Therere many scientific studies on the various
  aspects of egg cells, the X and Y chromosomes,
  and the females body physiology.
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????? ???????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????

www.zaxwerks.com
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• What do we expect if therere more boys than
  girls?
• ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????

• Will there be an increase in crimes associated
  with males?
• ?????????????????????????? ????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????

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• Too many girls will allow them to enter fields
  usually dominated by men.
• ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????

• Genetically, theres the possibility of
  increased downs syndrome.
• ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????

• conclusion ?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????

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Family Planning
www.condomx.com

• Main objective ?????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????

Genetic Screening
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????? ????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
???????????????????????????????? ????????????????
??? ??????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????? ??????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????
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?????????????????????????? sickel cell anemia
???????????????????????? heterozygote
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????? The carriers of the
sickel cell gene might turn out to be more
vulnerable to oxidizing industrial chemicals,
heavy physical exertion, or other job related
stress on their circulatory

• Genetic screening is discriminatory and harmful
  to individual workers.
• Ex G-6-PD deficiency ???????????????????????????
  ?? ????????? ???????????????? ????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????? ??????????????????????????????

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Conclusion ?????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????? ????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????
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Genetics and the environment

• ?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????? DNA ???????????????????
  ??????????????????????? ???????????????????????
• CFC ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????? UV????? ??????????????????????????????
  ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
  ?

• Nuclear reaction ???????????, ?????, ?????,
  ???????, ?????? ???????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
  ?????????? ??????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????? ?????????????????
  
  

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• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????

• Mutagenic (especially carcinogenic)
• Used in Industry vinyl chloride, ethylene
  oxide, dimethylsulfate, and nitrogen
  mustard
• Used in daily life insecticides, fungicides
• Industrial chemicals used in
  plastics, textile and petroleum industry

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Food additives nitrite and artificial
sweeteners such as saccharin
Pharmaceutical products anti-tumor
medications, antibiotic drug

• ????????????????????????? point mutation ???
  chromosome breakage ??? ??????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????? 4 ?????? ??????
• substitution by base analogues
• chemical alteration of DNA
• physical binding or intercalation with the
  DNA
• polymerization of DNA

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Genetic Engineering
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
???????? ?????????? ??????????????????????????????
?????????????? ??????????????????????????????

• ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?? ?????????????????????????????????????

• The Human Genome Project ???????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????? myotonic dystrophy
  ????????????????????????? muscular dystrophy

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• ??????? myotonic dystrophy ?????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????19???????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????? ???????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????

• Gene Therapy correction of genetic disorder
• ?????????????????????????? sickel-cell anemia
  ???????????????????????????????????
• ??? Gene Therapy ???????????????????????????????
  ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????
  ??? ????????????????????????????

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• Example of somatic gene therapy
  ??????????????????? ??????? ???????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????

www.jeansforgenes.com
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• Gene augmentation a technique to restore a
  genetic function without removing or correcting
  a defective gene.
• ????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????

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• Questions with Genetic Engineering
• Shall we breed in (positive eugenics) or breed
  out (negative eugenics) ?

• How many scientists have far greater moral
  sensitivity to their responsibilities to the
  future generation of mankind ?

• Among the affected people, how many are
  concerned about their responsibilities to society
  ?

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Reference
Caspena, A. L., Espino, R. R. C. and Laude, R. P.
1993. Genetics at the population level. SEAMEO
Regional Center for Graduate study and research
in Agriculture (SEAMEO SEARCA), University of
Philippines Los Baños (UPLB).