By: Adriana Ramirez

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Nervous System

• By Adriana Ramirez
• Paras Oad
• Yvonne Hernandez

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THE BRAIN
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INFORMATION ABOUT THE BRIAN

• The brain is the control center for movement,
  sleep, hunger, thirst, and virtually every other
  activity that people need to survive.
• The brain is a pinkish-gray mass that is
  composed of about 10 billion nerve cells. The
  nerve cells are linked to each other and together
  and are responsible for the control of all mental
  functions.
• The brain is divided into three major parts, the
  hindbrain (including the cerebellum and the brain
  stem), the midbrain, and the forebrain (including
  the diencephalons and the cerebrum).

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FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN

• The cerebellum is the hind part of the brain. It
  is made up of gray, unmyelinated cells on the
  exterior and white, myelinated cells in the
  interior. The cerebellum controls muscular
  movements and, along with the midbrain, monitors
  posture. It is necessary to the control of
  movement of the human body in space.

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• The cerebrum occupies the most portion of the
  skull. It is by the largest part of the brain. It
  makes up about 85 of the brain's weight. The
  cerebrum is split vertically into left and right
  hemispheres. It is the thinking part of the
  brain. It helps you remember things.

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QICK FACTS ABOUT THE BRAIN

• Your brain uses 20 of your body's energy, but it
  makes up only 2 of your body's weight.
• Average number of neurons in the brain 100
  billion.
• Your brain generates 25 watts of power while
  you're awake---enough to illuminate a light bulb.

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• The hypothalamus, occupying the rest of the
  diencephalons, controls the heartbeat, the body
  temperature, and the fluid balance.

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• The medulla oblongata The medulla oblongata is an
  enlarged continuation of the spinal cord
  extending up into the "pons" (a large bulge under
  the brain stem). controlling reflex activities
  such as coughing, gagging, swallowing and
  vomiting.

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INTERNEURON

• That acts as a link between sensory neurons and
  motor neurons. which is entirely in the central
  nervous system (i.e. the brain and spinal cord).
  it is the basic building block of the brain.  It
  guides memory, personality, learning, deciding,
  and any other thoughts that our brains can come
  up with.

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Axon- extension from the cell that carries nerve
impulses from the cell body to other neurons
Axon
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Matter

• Gray matter areas of the brain that are dominated
  by cell bodies and have no myelin covering (in
  contrast to white matter). Contains relationship
  with neurons that relay information between the
  spiral cord and spinal nerve.
• White matter the shiny layer underneath the
  cortex that consists of nerve fibers (axons) with
  white myelin sheaths (in contrast to gray
  matter).

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Thalamus

• A large mass of gray matter deeply inside
  the forebrain at the top portion of the
  diencephalon. It relays information from senses
  to appropriate parts of the cerebrum.

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Dendrite

• Carries impulses from neighboring cells.
• Nerve impulse- an electrical signal that travels
  along a neuron. Information is carried through
  the nervous system in the nerve impulses.
• Nerve-Bundle of nerve fibers that ferries nerve
  impulses between the central nervous system and
  all parts of the body.
• Stimulant- a drug that temporarily quickens some
  vital process in the brain.

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Nervous System
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Parts of the brain

• Brainstem
• Cerebellum
• Frontal Lobe
• Occipital Lobe
• Parietal Lobe
• Temporal Lobe

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Brain Parts and their function

• Nervous system set of nerves, ganglions and
  nervous centers that receive sensory signal.
  Commands and coordinates vital functions.Brachial
  plexus network of nerves of the
  arm.Intercostal nerve cord conducting nerve
  impulses between the ribs.Radial nerve cord
  conducting nerve impulses in the area of the
  radius.Median nerve main cord conducting nerve
  impulses in the upper limb.Ulnar nerve cord
  conducting nerve impulses in the area of the
  elbow.Lumbar plexus network of nerves of the
  lower back.Sciatic nerve cord conducting nerve
  impulses in the area of the thigh and lower
  leg.Common peroneal nerve cord conducting nerve
  impulses along the inside of the lower
  leg.Superficial peroneal nerve cord conducting
  nerve impulses of the muscles and skin of the
  leg.Digital nerve cord conducting nerve
  impulses of the fingers.Sacral plexus network
  of nerves of the sacrum.Spinal cord substance
  belonging to the nervous system, found in the
  holes of the vertebrae.Cerebellum nervous
  centre situated under the brain.Cerebrum seat
  of the mental capacities.

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Synapse

• The junction between two neurons
  (axon-to-dendrite) or between a neuron and a
  muscle "nerve impulses cross a synapse through
  the action of neurotransmitters"
• Synapse are tiny gaps where the communication
  takes place in the brain.

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Disease

• Tumors- Tumors affect the brain and slow down its
  function
• Cerebral palsy- caused by developmental defect or
  damage to the brain at birth
• Multiple sclerosis- disease that affects the
  brain by making it weaker. People s muscles lose
  coordination
• A virus is the poliomyelitis (which causes polio)
  it may attack the brain and spinal cord. You can
  take a shot and prevent from getting polio
• Neuralgia- Sharp, severe paroxysmal pain
  extending along a nerve or group of nerves
• Spina Bifida- defect in which the spinal column
  is imperfectly closed so that part of the
  meninges or spinal cord protrudes
• Meningitis- Inflammation of the meninges of the
  brain and the spinal cord
• Huntingtons disease- loss of certain brain cells

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Marijuana and the nervous system

• Marijuana affects the nervous system with a lot
  of things
• relaxation
• reduced coordination
• reduced blood pressure
• sleepiness
• disruption in attention
• an altered sense of time and space...a good
  reason not to drive or operate machinery while
  under the influence
• In high doses, marijuana can cause
• hallucinations
• delusions
• impaired memory
• disorientation.

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Nervous System vocabulary

• Central nervous system- main part of the human
  body which has the spinal cord and the brain
• Peripheral nervous system- nerves outside the
  central nervous system
• Somatic nervous system- motor neurons to central
  nervous system
• Autonomic nervous system- regulates involuntary
  action like the heart, intestine and glands
• Neuron- impulse-conducting cells that constitute
  the brain, spinal column, and nerves
• Sensory neuron- transmits nerve impulses from a
  sense organ towards the central nervous system
• Motor neuron- conveys impulses from the central
  nervous system to a muscle, gland, or other
  tissue
• Synapse- junction across which a nerve impulse
  passes from an axon terminal to a neuron, muscle
  cell, or gland cell

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Reflex Response

• A somatic reflex arc is one in which there is the
  simplest possible arrangement of elements to
  permit a response to stimuli, and in which the
  final element in the chain is skeletal muscle

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Reflex Response