Chapter 4: Nationalism

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Chapter 4 Nationalism

• CQ Why has Nationalism been the traditional
  orientation of identity?

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I. Understanding Nations, Nation-States, and
Nationalism
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A. Nations

• People sharing common characteristics Race,
  culture, language, ethnicity etc.
• Sense of community Recognition/belief in
  "connectedness"
• Desire for autonomous self-governance To be
  politically separate

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B. Nation-States

• In theory, the combination of state and nation,
  reflecting a nation's desire to have its own
  state and to govern itself independently

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Inconsistencies

• Many states contain multiple nations within their
  borders
• Many nations overlap one or more state boundaries

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C. Nationalism

• A sense of essential political identity that
  dictates action in concert

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Unifies state, nation, and nation-state

• Transformation of identity toward nationalism
• Sentimental attachment to homeland
• Sense of identity and self-esteem based on
  nationalism
• Motivated to help country

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The Evolution of Nationalism
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A. The Rise of Nationalism
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Development of secular monarchs
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Creation of nationalistic popular culture

• Implication of equality (Thomas Paine)
• Concept of popular sovereignty, from Switzerland
  and England to American and French Revolutions
• Welcomed as a destroyer of empires (Woodrow
  Wilson)

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B. The Predicted Demise of Nationalism After
World War II

• Experiences of destructive power of nationalism
  (Fascism)
• Development of nuclear weapons
• Emphasis on free trade and economic
  interdependence

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C. Persistent Nationalism
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Anti-imperialism Independence movement initially
in less developed countries

• Contemporary European nationalism in
  Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, reunification of West
  and East Germany, and FSRs
• growing resistance to EU (anti-imperialism
  against centuries of Russian expansionism and
  domination?)

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Independence movements

• Newly independent countries East Timor, Eritrea,
  Namibia, and Palau
• Nationalist stirrings Great BritainScottish,
  Irish, Welsh SpainBasques and Catalans

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Limitations

• Growing world consciousness and interdependence,
  waning nationalism

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Chapter 4

• CQ Review Why has Nationalism been the
  traditional orientation of identity?

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III. Nationalism Builder and Destroyer
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A. The Beneficent Face of Nationalism

• Promotes democracy but can be manipulated by
  demagogues
• Encourages self-determination
• Discourages imperialismbut can encourage
  expansionist tendencies
• Promotes economic development
• Protects diversity and experimentationbut it can
  also suppress diversity within a state

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B. The Troubled Face of Nationalism
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Ethnonational Conflicts

• How we relate to others
• Feelings of difference
• Insularity
• Feelings of superiority
• Xenophobia and the oppression of others

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Lack of fit between nations and states
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Multinational states States with more than one
nation
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Multistate nationalities Nations divided among
states

• Nation is a minority in one or more states and
  lacks a state of its own--stateless nation
• Nation-state has nationals in adjacent
  states--irredentism
• Nation is divided between two states and
  constitutes a majority in each

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IV. Nationalism and the Future
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Self-Determination as a Goal

• Help end ethnic oppression
• Problems
• Untangling groups
• Dissolution of existing states
• Microstates
• "Negative sovereignty" invites intervention by
  more powerful
• Is there a right to secede? Applying
  self-determination principles is difficult in a
  complex world

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Nationalism Will the Curtain Fall?

• Nationalism may thrive
• Nationalism may evolve toward internationalism,
  but at a slow pace at best--no immediate
  prospects for change
• Nationalism is in decline and nation-states are
  past their peak
• Nationalism is collapsing rapidly