IT 110 Computer Science Theme

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IT 110Computer Science Theme

• A History of Computing

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IT110 - Computer Science Theme A History of
Computing

• History of Computing
• Two eras Pre-World War II and Post-World War
  II
• Calculation
• Abacus (BC)
• Pascaline (1642) Blaise Pascal, a mechanical
  adder
• Input and Programming
• Jacquards Loom (1801) punched cards
• Input, Calculation, Control, Storage, and Output
• The Difference Engine (1821) Charles Babbage
• The Analytical Engine any series of mathmatical
  instructions programmed into it. Programmer
  Lady Ada, Countess of Lovelace
• Data Input
• Punched card tabulating machine (1887) Herman
  Hollerith Electrical machine, using punched
  cards to tabulate the 1890 census

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IT110 - Computer Science Theme A History of
Computing

• The Differential Analyzer (1932) Vannevar Bush
  (MIT) Mechanical device to solve calculus
  problems (mechanical, single purpose)
• ABC Atanasoff-Berry Computer (1939) solutions
  to linear equations First electronic digital
  computer used 300 vacuum tubes
• Mark I (1936-1944) Harvard University,
  electromechanical, paper tape instruction, 500
  miles of wire
• ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and
  Calculator) (1943-1946) Eckhart and Mauchly,
  University of Pennsylvania. 30 by 50, 30 tons,
  18000 tubes, programmed with wires
• EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic
  Computer) (1945-1946) John Von Neumann, Stored
  program concept with program and data together
  in memory, instructions executed sequentially
• UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) First
  commercially sold (1951)
• 1947 Transistor was developed at Bell Labs

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IT110 - Computer Science Theme A History of
Computing

• Mid 1960s, Integrated circuits were developed,
  embedding transistors onto a single chip of
  silicon
• 1971 VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) The
  first microprocessors
• 1976 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak started Apple
  Computer, Inc.
• 1978 Intel 8086 microprocessor was introduced
• Intel iAPX Architecture, Pentium processor
• 8086 1978 Pentium - 1993
• 80286 1982 Pentium Pro - 1995
• 80386 1985 Pentium II - 1997
• 80486 1989 Pentium III, IV

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IT110 - Computer Science Theme A History of
Computing

• Four Generations

• Moores Law
• Speed of computation doubles every 12-18 months
• Size of memory doubles every 12-18 months
• Number of components on a chip doubles every
  12-18 months