The Minor Prophets

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The Minor Prophets
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The Minor Prophets

• Obadiah 840-830 BC
• Joel 830-750 BC
• Jonah 780-740 BC
• Hosea 765-725 BC
• Amos 760 BC
• Micah 740-700 BC

• Nahum 640-620 BC
• Zephaniah 640-609 BC
• Habakkuk 608-605 BC
• Haggai 520 BC
• Zechariah 520-480 BC
• Malachi 420-400 BC

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Jonah
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(No Transcript)
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The Assyrian god Assur
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• (Gen 1011 KJV) Out of that land went forth
  Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city
  Rehoboth, and Calah,
• Walls are 7.5 miles long
• Modern day Mosul
• Important because its close to Tigris and trade
  routes
• Pop. about 600,000

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Nergal Gate
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Mashki Gate
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Adad Gate
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Pieces found during excavation
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Relief from wall in palace
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Author

• Dove
• The son of Amittai (meaning true)
• Born in Gath-hepher (3 miles NE of Nazareth)

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Date-Content

• During the reign of Jeroboam II
• (2Ki 1425 KJV) He restored the coast of Israel
  from the entering of Hamath unto the sea of the
  plain, according to the word of the LORD God of
  Israel, which he spake by the hand of his servant
  Jonah, the son of Amittai, the prophet, which was
  of Gathhepher.
• Jeroboam II reigned 799-759 BC

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Date-Content

• May have coincided with famous eclipse June 15,
  763 BC

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Character of the Book

• Historynot prophecy
• Presents itself as history- and does not hesitate
  at mention of miraculous
• Considered by Jews as true
• Tobit
• Josephus
• Jesus

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Short Outline

• Jonah runs away from God. Ch. 1
• Jonah runs to God. Ch. 2
• Jonah runs with God. Ch. 3
• Jonah runs against God. Ch. 4

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Jonah
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Chapter 1

• Word of the Lord V. 1
• Gen 15 Abraham
• (1Sa 321 KJV) And the LORD appeared again in
  Shiloh for the LORD revealed himself to Samuel
  in Shiloh by the word of the LORD.
• Hebrew dabar understood by Jews as equivilent
  to Greek logos

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Chapter 1

• Jonah fled to Tarshish- Iberian peninsula (modern
  day southern Spain)
• Good sailors
• Sailed even across/around Atlantic
• The sailors were afraid during storm
• Demonstrates the extremity of the storm

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Chapter 1

• When confronted, Jonah admits his actions and
  tells them what to do. V. 10
• These men refuse originally. V. 13
• They do eventually throw him overboard, but they
  recognize the sovereignty of God. V. 16

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Chapter 1

• Lord prepared a great fish V. 17
• gawdol dawg in Hebrew
• Not tanneem translated as Whales in KJV in Gen.
  121 (sea creatures in ESV)
• Sometimes translated as dragon
• Dawg very basic word for sea life
• Could be anything

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Chapter 1

• Three days and three nights
• Mat 1239-41 ESV But he answered them, "An evil
  and adulterous generation seeks for a sign, but
  no sign will be given to it except the sign of
  the prophet Jonah. (40) For just as Jonah was
  three days and three nights in the belly of the
  great fish, so will the Son of Man be three days
  and three nights in the heart of the earth. (41)
  The men of Nineveh will rise up at the judgment
  with this generation and condemn it, for they
  repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold,
  something greater than Jonah is here.

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Chapter 1

• Jesus referenced Jonah being in the belly for
  three days and three nights.
• Jews recognized that part of day was counted as a
  whole day

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Chapter 1

• In the first century, any part of a day could be
  computed for the whole day and the night
  following it (cf. Lightfoot, 1979, pp. 210-211).
  The Jerusalem Talmud quotes rabbi Eleazar ben
  Azariah, who lived around A.D. 100, as saying A
  day and night are an Onah a portion of time
  and the portion of an Onah is as the whole of it
  (from Jerusalem Talmud Shabbath ix. 3, as quoted
  in Hoehner, 1974, pp. 248-249, bracketed comment
  in orig.).

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Chapter 1

• Gen. 712, 17
• Referred to flood as on the earth for 40 days and
  40 nights (v. 12) then as 40 days (v. 17)
• I Sam 3012, 13
• 3 days -- 3 days and 3 nights used
  interchangeably
• Gen. 4217
• Joseph incarcerated his brothers for three days
  and three nights but went in to them on the
  third day and released them on that day.

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Chapter 1

• Three days and three nights
• Refer to whole time (24 hours)
• Only need part of the whole (24 hours) to count
  as a whole (day and night)

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Chapter 2

• V. 2 Sheol or death interesting because of
  the connection that Jesus gives it.
• For you cast me into the deep ESV
• Sailors were the agents of Gods will
• V. 3-6 Vivid description of Jonahs situation
  (almost poetic)

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Chapter 2

• V. 9 Jonah promises faithfulness and recognizes
  the greatness of God
• V. 10 Creature spits out Jonah (figure of
  resurrection)

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Chapter 3

• Three days (journey, KJV breadth, ESV)
• 3 days to go around the city (not just the city
  proper)
• 3 days to go around the different parts of the
  city
• V. 4 The whole of the prophecy
• Yet forty days and Ninevah shall be overthown

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Chapter 3

• V. 5 they repented (all of them)
• The king repented as well and made a decree for
  everyone to follow
• God relented from the promise and did not destroy
  them

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Chapter 4

• Jonah got mad
• V. 2 Jonah complains that God is gracious,
  loving and merciful
• Do you well to be angry
• Is it reasonable that you are angry about this?
• Jonah moves to outside the city to see what
  happens.
• Probably waiting until the end of the 40 days.

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Chapter 4

• Gourdused in Palestine to make trellises and
  screen the sun.
• Jonah was thankful for the plant
• God sends a worm to destroy the plant
• God sends a hot wind to discomfort Jonah

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Chapter 4

• Jonah wants to die
• God asks again Do you well to be angry for the
  plant
• God makes the point about the people in the city

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Lessons

• Cannot run away from responsibility God has given
  us
• Dont judge who will or will not listen to Gods
  message.
• Love all peoples souls and care for their
  well-being.

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