Ocean532 Zooplankton Echinoderms, Cladocerans, Ostracods or ECOZoops

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Ocean532 ZooplanktonEchinoderms, Cladocerans,
Ostracods(or ECO-Zoops)
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Echinoderms(spinyskins)
Stats Physiology radial symmetry, mesodermal
endoskeleton, water vascular system, simple
tube gut Diversity 7000 extant species,
entirely marine Locale intertidal to abyssal,
predominantly benthic Feeding filter feeders,
grazers, suspension feeder, deposit feeders,
hunters Sex maturity at 2 years, external
release, temporal or spatial Predators crabs,
sharks, eels, larger star fish, sea birds
avoided with spines and toxins, sticky
tangling threads EcoRoles grazing, reduced
rock/coral colonization burrowingbioturbation
bioerosion
sea biscuit (Eupatagus ocalanus)
Benthic crinoids
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Echinoderms(spinyskins)
Subdivisions Starfish (Asteroidea) Brittle
stars (Ophiuroidea) Sea urchins (Echinoidea)
Akelbaster novaecaledoniae
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Basket star
Striped sunstar Solaster stimpsoni
Amphipholis squamata
Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) Feather stars
(Crinoids)
Davidaster rubiginosa Sea Lillie
Cucumaria (Dendrochirotida)
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Echinoderms(spinyskins)
Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) 1,250 known
species benthic scavengers can live 10 years
and grow to 6 feet hormone mediated
communication primarily external fertilization,
rare maternal care collagen body wall can be
liquefied defenses expulsion of sticky
cuvierian tubules, toxic holothurin production
medical application extract for tissue damage,
antimalarial compound Regeneration of the
radial nerve cord in the sea cucumber Holothuria
glaberrima http//www.youtube.com/watch?vaCxKFc
3XtJs
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Echinoderms(spinyskins)
Neato Qualities -Adults radial symmetry,
larvae bilateral symmetry -Mg sequestration for
higher skeletal density rock-grazing wears
mandibles, extra strength outweighs metabolic
costs involved in concentrating Mg -internal
fertilization has been observed in one deep water
species of sea cucumber -sea stars can
regenerate lost arms, in some cases lost arms
have regenerated sea stars -sea cucumbers
discharge internal organs when they perceive
danger -having successfully pried open a
shellfish prey item, starfish insert their
stomach through the opening and release gastric
juices, digesting the prey alive -50,000
tons/yr of sea urchins harvested for gonad
consumption
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Cladocerans (microcrustacean waterfleas)
Stats Physiology two valve carapace,
free-swimmers, orient dorsal side up, compound
eye, sensory and locomotory antennae, bristled
legs for filtering, 0.2-6mm Diversity
monophyletic, 80 genera, 400 species Locale
lakes, streams, ponds, puddles, estuaries, oceans
Feeding suspension feeder, algae, bacteria,
debris Cyclic Parthenogenesis spring females
hatch from eggs summer produce females
asexually fall produce males, they mate and
lay resting eggs Predators fish, birds, insect
larvae, other crustaceans EcoRoles clear
pollution-caused algal blooms in lakes
1 antenna2 compound eye3 enzyme gland4
esophagus5 heart6 nauplius eye7 antennula8
phyllopods9 ovar10 furca claws11
postabdomen12brood13 carapax shell14 rudder
bristle15 spina
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Cladocerans(microcrustacean waterfleas)
Suborders Anomopoda Ctenopoda
Daphnia magma
Diaphanosoma birgei
Onychopoda Haplopoda
Leptodora kindtii
Evadne spinifera
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Cladocerans(microcrustacean waterfleas)
Daphnia Carapace, compound eye, 6pr legs,
prominent antennae Filter feeders algae protists
bacteria Parthogenetic after 4 days, juveniles
in brood pouch, no instars, sex involves prying
open of carapace Fertilized eggs can maintain
suspended animation Life span temperature
dependent 100days 3C, 30days at 28C Major food
source for higher trophic levels Environmental
toxicity indicator (metals, halides, etc.) Prone
to alcohol intoxication (study nervous
system) http//www.youtube.com/watch?vEwkQuC3kumM
NR1 http//www.youtube.com/watch?viBeDcxS11XM
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Cladocerans(microcrustacean waterfleas)

• Neato Qualities
• Host-parasite 'Red Queen' dynamics archived in
  pond sediment (Decaestecker 2007)
• Males not produced until conditions become
  unfavorable
• Only 8 marine cladocerans, 4 Arctic
• Biodiversity decreasing as calcium levels in
  fresh water systems decreases

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Ostracods(seed shrimp)
Stats Physiology 0.2-30mm, laterally
compressed, 2 shells form chitinous carapace,
5-8 appendages, Diversity 65,000 extant
species, marine, aquatic, terrestrial, morphologi
cal classification, ubiquitous in ocean Locale
upper layer of sea floor, sediments,
soil Feeding filter feeders, bacteria, algae,
protozoa Development parthogenetic, produce
cysts, hatch when exposed to water, 8 larval
stages prior to maturity Predators mollusks,
water mites, larger crustaceans EcoRoles
biozonation of marine strata (consistent fossils
from Cambrian to present), morphological
environmental indicators
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Ostracods(seed shrimp)
Orders Myodocopida Halocyprida
Platycopida Podocopida
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Ostracods(seed shrimp)
Halocyprida vast majority of planktonic
ostracods overall planktonic biomass
lt5 detritovores lack obvious eyes bioluminescent
species Ostracoda (Myodocopa) from anchialine
caves and ocean blue holes (Kornicker 2007) a
band in Norwich, England named after them
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Photo credits

• http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlhttp//wayn
  esword.palomar.edu/images/seabsk1b.jpgimgrefurlh
  ttp//waynesword.palomar.edu/trnov01.htmusg__Oie
  gFwHWm7BRMEq9_MNhtbOb0Bkh344w590sz59hlen
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  5prev/images3Fq3Dsea2Bcucumber2Borgan2Bdisc
  harge26hl3Den26client3Dfirefox-a26rls3Dorg.m
  ozillaen-USofficial26hs3Dj9R26sa3DN26um3D1
  
• http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlhttp//www.
  nova.edu/ocean/messing/crinoids/82520Feeding2520
  mechanism_files/image004.jpgimgrefurlhttp//www.
  nova.edu/ocean/messing/crinoids/82520Feeding2520
  mechanism.htmlusg__L0H5xk8RK5K2_pTBSM6shv95m4h
  311w407sz22hlenstart19um1tbnidsySCgPS
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  ids26hl3Den26client3Dfirefox-a26rls3Dorg.moz
  illaen-USofficial26sa3DG26um3D1
• http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlhttp//www.
  elasmodiver.com/BCMarinelife/images/striped-sunsta
  r.jpgimgrefurlhttp//www.elasmodiver.com/BCMarin
  elife/BCML2520echinodermata.htmusg__cVaDUAOKVxZ
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  images3Fq3Dasteroidea26hl3Den26client3Dfiref
  ox-a26rls3Dorg.mozillaen-USofficial26sa3DG2
  6um3D1
• http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlhttp//www.
  scuba-equipment usa.com/marine/MAY04/images/Tosia_
  australis.jpgimgrefurlhttp//echinoblog.blogspot
  .com/2008/07/akelbaster-novaecaledoniae-weird.html
  usg__gx8zr0lG-uWWEWupxZkXrbDCoo8h561w640sz
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  120tbnw137prev/images3Fq3Dasteroidea26hl3
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  official26sa3DG26um3D1
• http//www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Echinoderms/O
  phiuroidea/BasketStar.jpg
• http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlhttp//www.
  barcodinglife.org/pics/FPMAR/dFL_007952B120561166
  4.jpgimgrefurlhttp//www.barcodinglife.org/views
  /taxbrowser.php3Ftaxid3D4usg__SK1Do7nRfg5qxw8S
  Xt0Glsk4xmMh481w640sz51hlenstart8um1
  tbnidg09-94L7PwpBSMtbnh103tbnw137prev/imag
  es3Fq3DOphiuroidea26hl3Den26client3Dfirefox-
  a26rls3Dorg.mozillaen-USofficial26sa3DG26um
  3D1
• http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlhttp//www.
  wallawalla.edu/academics/departments/biology/rosar
  io/inverts/Echinodermata/Class2520Echinoidea/Stro
  ngylocentrotus_purpuratus_s_Heidee_Leno.jpgimgref
  urlhttp//www.wallawalla.edu/academics/department
  s/biology/rosario/inverts/Echinodermata/Class2520
  Echinoidea/Echinoidea_Key.htmlusg__mzSh-qnTBabpO
  1I3DjtdmU_bylEh1021w1291sz382hlenstart4
  um1tbnidTX4p4Al3GMl0IMtbnh119tbnw150prev
  /images3Fq3DEchinoidea26hl3Den26client3Dfir
  efox-a26rls3Dorg.mozillaen-USofficial26sa3DG
  26um3D1
• http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlhttp//ww.l
  iveaquaria.com/images/general/a_286_pincushion_tux
  .jpgimgrefurlhttp//ww.liveaquaria.com/general/g
  eneral.cfm3Fgeneral_pagesid3D286usg__InWhqCfwq
  i9DNzB7yqMJYKZG6-0h216w198sz21hlenstart
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  cial26sa3DN26start3D8026um3D1

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Photo credits

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_cucumbers
• http//www.arcodiv.org/Cladocerans.html
• http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlhttp//www.
  sacsplash.org/cimages/Ostracods_on_DETRITUS.jpgim
  grefurlhttp//www.sacsplash.org/critters/ostracod
  .htmusg__bC2SJM1xFDu29IPJX_bgWyIIjbAh237w30
  0sz52hlenstart2um1tbnidOj1F0mVyUmJJ_Mt
  bnh92tbnw116prev/images3Fq3Dostracods26hl
  3Den26client3Dfirefox-a26rls3Dorg.mozillaen-U
  Sofficial26sa3DX26um3D1
• http//images.google.com/imgres?imgurlhttp//pete
  rbrueggeman.com/nsf/fguide/kc3803-74.jpgimgrefurl
  http//peterbrueggeman.com/nsf/fguide/arthropoda1
  3.htmlusg__C1_UyHWFedjMAJ0r8GWDMfKzM30h368w
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  tbnh103tbnw127prev/images3Fq3DPodocopida2
  6hl3Den26client3Dfirefox-a26rls3Dorg.mozilla
  en-USofficial26hs3Du5e26sa3DN26um3D1