Bone Anatomy

1
(No Transcript)
2
Bone Anatomy

• Outside covered with PERIOSTEUM
• Contains blood vessels, nerves and osteoblasts
  (bone-building cells)
• Dense connective tissue that merges with
  ligaments and tendons
• Deep to Periosteum is COMPACT BONE
• Haversian canals carry blood vessels and nerves
  from Periosteum
• Deep to compact bone is SPONGY BONE (sometimes)
• Deep to spongy bone is MEDULLARY CAVITY with BONE
  MARROW

3
BONE MARROW

• Yellow Bone Marrow
• Found in most bones
• Mainly adipose tissue storage
• Can be converted to red bone marrow if extreme
  blood loss

• Red Bone Marrow
• Only in spongy bone, ribs, vertebrae, sternum and
  pelvis
• Produces red blood
• cells and lymphocytes
• (type of white b.c.)

4
Types of Bones

• Long bones
• Arms, legs, hands, feet (m. carpels and
  m.tarsals)
• Mostly compact bone
• Slightly curved to absorb shock
• Short bones
• Patella, carpals, tarsals and phalanges
• Irregular, cube shaped bones
• Flat bones
• Skull, scapula, ribs, sternum, pelvis
• Anchor muscles
• Irregular bones
• Any bone that doesnt fit into one of the other
  groups!
• Vertebrae and some facial bones

5
e. Patella special type of short bone called a
sesamoid bone
6
How Do Bones Grow?

• Start as cartilage (no blood vessels)
• Ossification osteoblasts start to replace
• cartilage tissue with bone tissue by
• secreting calcium salts
• Growth happens at epiphyseal plate
• (growth plates)
• By age 16-25 all the cartilage in the plate
• is replaced with bone