The Cellular Basis of Life

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The Cellular Basis of Life

• Organelle Structure and Function

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SPEED CIRCLE

• Name a cell part from either an animal or plant
  cell.

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SPEED CIRCLE

• What do you think of when you hear the term cell
  organelle?

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Nucleus

• Storage site for genetic information
• DNA
• DNA never leaves the Nucleus
• DNA contains the code for all proteins
  manufactured by the cell
• DNA code is transferred to the cytoplasm by RNA

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

• SER is where lipids
• are synthesized.

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum(RER)

• RER packages proteins made by the Ribosomes by
  wrapping them in membranes
• These membrane wrapped proteins are then sent to
  the Golgi Apparatus.

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Golgi Apparatus

• The Golgi Apparatus
• is responsible for
• the modification
• and packaging
• of proteins for
• export from the cell.
• The finished protein
• leaves the cell in
• Secretory Vesicles.
• The Golgi also packages
• the enzymes into lysosomes,
• vesicles that remain in the
• cytoplasm of the cell.

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Protein Packaging and Transport
The RER and the Golgi Apparatus are both
important in modifying and packaging the final
protein product.
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Electron Micrograph ofRER and Mitochondria
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Mitochondria

• The site of Cellular Respiration
• Cellular Respiration occurs in
• both plant and animal cells.
• Mighty Mitochondria

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Mitochondria
Artists Conception
Electron Micrograph
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Chloroplast

• Found only in plant cells
• The site of photosynthesis

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Typical Animal Cell
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Cell Membrane

• Semi-permeable
• Fluid mosaic
• Phospholipid Bylayer
• with floating proteins

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Typical Plant Cell
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Cell Wall
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Elodea Cell
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Nucleus
Vacuole
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Onion Cells
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Bubble
Cell Wall
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Methods of Transport

• Passive
• Requires no energy
• Moves with a concentration gradient
• Moves from high concentration to low
  concentration
• Two Kinds
• Diffusion small molecules and gasses
• Osmosis - diffusion of water

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Tonicity of Solutions

• refers to the amount of solute present, in this
  case it is salt.
• Predict the direction of the flow of water.

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92 gt 84 H20 H20
92 lt 96 H20 H20
92 92 H20 H20
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Active Transport

• Requires the expenditure of
• ENERGY!!

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Active transport

• Energy is used to carry molecules against a
  concentration gradient.
• Molecules can flow from low to high
  concentrations.

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Summary Questions

• Select 2 organelles and tell how they correlate
  to each other.
• What are examples of where you would find
  diffusion or osmosis in your every day life?
• How do diffusion and osmosis relate to each
  other?
• How do active and passive transport compare?