VIDEO FIRE DETECTION

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• VIDEO FIRE DETECTION
• Chicago SFPE

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NFPA 72 -2007 Chapter 5

• Recognizes Use of Flame Smoke VID Systems
• Flame VID Classified as Radiant-Energy Sensing
  Detector
• Performance-based design approach
• In accordance with Manufacturers Instruction
• Minimal Appendix Material
• UL Modified UL268 Special Application
• FM Uses FM 3260 and UL 268.
• Property/Business Continuity vs. Life Safety

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NFPA 502 2008 Edition

• Chapter 7 Road Tunnels
• 7.4.1 At least two systems to detect, identify,
  or locate a fire in a tunnel shall be provided,
  including one manual means meeting the
  requirements of 7.4.1.2 and either a closed
  circuit television (CCTV) system in accordance
  with 7.4.1.3 or an automatic fire detection
  system in accordance with 7.4.1.4

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NFPA 502 2008 Edition

• 7.4.1.3.1 CCTVs with or without traffic-flow
  indication devices will be permitted to indentify
  fires in tunnels with 24 hour supervision.
• 7.4.1.4.6 CCTV systems used for automatic fire
  detection shall be permitted when listed for the
  intended purpose and installed in accordance with
  the manufacturers requirements and NFPA 72.

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Tunnel Fire Blocked
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What is Video Smoke and Fire Detection?

• Uses visible spectrum spatially resolved video
  images from stationary cameras
• Analyze each frame pixel by pixel
• Uses analytic process designed to identify
  characteristics of flames and/or smoke
• Outputs alarms and video to user interface

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Detection Algorithms

• Detection Alarms
• Flames (combustion in open air)
• Reflected Fire light
• Smoke
• Motion detection
• Trouble
• Image change
• Loss of camera
• Poor image (dirty, low light, out of focus)
• Supervisory
• System crash
• Loss of power

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Flame Detection
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Reflected Fire Light Filter
Correlation DSP filter takes out all residual
light, leaving only light that is originated from
flames.
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RFL Implementation
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Excitation/Aging Filter
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Smoke Detection
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Motion Detection

• Motion detection is a byproduct of analysis
• Generally not as sophisticated as security
  analytics
• Can be tied to image location and schedule

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IP Network Camera
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SpyderGuardTM

• Simple but robust monitoring software application
• Functions on a standard PC workstation
• Provides video surveillance, fire safety
  monitoring, and allows configuration of an
  unlimited number of FSM-8 units
• The software is not centered around the cameras,
  but rather around the assets under protection
• View the condition that caused the alarm
• Receive an audible voice warning
• Locate the event on building and site plans
• Coordinate response efforts

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Security Touchscreen

• Functions on a standard PC workstation
• Allows video surveillance, fire safety monitoring
• View the condition that caused the alarm
• Receive an audible warning
• Locate the event on building and site plans
• Coordinate response efforts

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System Architecture
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2007 North American Fire Smoke Detection
Devices Technology Leadership Award
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Factory Mutual Approved

• Only System approved as a Smoke and Fire detector
• Modified - UL / ANSI 268
• Modified - FM 3260
• Environmental testing
• Humidity
• Vibration
• Durability and Stability
• Temperature

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Challenge

• Conventional detection methods are not suitable
  for many of the environments requiring protection
• The nature of these detectors makes the severity
  of a nuisance alarm greater due to limited
  situational awareness
• Codes mandate that fire equipment be installed
  for life safety and to prevent conflagration

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DOE Fire Hazards Analysis

• FHAs for high bay locations should consider the
  effects of smoke/hot gas stratification that may
  occur at some intermediate point below the roof
  or ceiling as well as the potential for delayed
  sprinkler response

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Conventional detectors

• Ionization
• Photo-electric
• Air aspiration
• Heat Detectors
• Beam detectors
• Linear heat detectors

• Delayed Detection
• Transport times
• Sensitivity levels
• Nuisance Alarms
• Lack of situational awareness
• Severity of Nuisance event
• Source Bias
• Small or large smoke particles
• Architecture and Implementation
• Piping, wiring, coverage
• Application Specific

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Current Scenario
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UL Fire Lab Tests
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Distribution Center
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Distribution Center
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Smoke Detection
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Smoke Detection
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Turbine Deck
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• Environment
• Ventilation
• Dirtiness
• Obstructions
• Lighting
• System Type
• Camera Settings
• FOV
• Sensitivity
• Delays

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Dominion Energy Kincaid StationFlame test
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Dominion Energy Kincaid Station Smoke Test
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Dust Detection
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Hot Work
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Hydroelectric facility
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Spent Fuel Rod Pools
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Hangars
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Satellite Assembly
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Substation
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Outdoor Flame
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Outdoor Smoke
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Camera Layout
150 ft
300 ft
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Camera Layout
150 ft
300 ft
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Risk Management of Fire

• The risk of fire is equal to
• Probability of a fire
• X
• Loss associated with that fire

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Fire Loss
For example, while a lube oil fire under the
operating deck of a 200 MW steam
turbine-generator without a properly designed
fire protection system is expected to cause
property damage in the 10-13 million range with
a six-month downtime, the same fire with a
properly designed fire protection system would
not be expected to exceed 2 million in damage,
with less than four weeks of downtime. While that
still sounds like a considerable loss, it is much
better than the first scenario. Power
Engineering MagazineFire Protection Decisions
Pit Cost Against Risk Exposure Dominique
Dieken
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Self Insurance

• As higher insurance self-retention limits, up to
  10 million, are assumed by some owners and
  operators, interest in fire protection and loss
  control appears to be increasing in the industry.
  These higher "deductibles" mean that owners and
  operators are assuming more out-of-pocket risk
  while insurance underwriters may be less
  concerned about the level and quality of fire
  protection than before. This change in risk
  position is increasingly attracting management's
  attention to fire protection
• Power Engineering MagazineFire Protection
  Decisions Pit Cost Against Risk Exposure
• Dominique Dieken

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ROI

• Fire Happens - .5 (Once every 200 unit years)
• Early warning avoids 10 million in damage
• .005 x 10 million 50,000
• SigniFire System - 8 Cameras installed 50,000
• Simple payback is approximately one year
• Use the system everyday to enhance security and
  operating efficiencies

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•   The recent addition of the axonX SigniFire
  smoke and fire network cameras have helped
  provide an early warning detection system of the
  plants most critical running processes.  The
  SigniFire network camera and SpyderGuard software
  combination is the most innovative and effective
  solution to early warning fire detection in the
  industry".
• Bruce Nedau
• Manager Protective Services
• Pratt Whitney
•  

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• We decided to install this state of the art
  protection system to provide an additional safety
  net for our business and associates.  We are very
  pleased with the simplicity of system and the
  capabilities that it provides.
•                                           
  Jim Morris                                     Ge
  neral Manager
• Marriott Textile Services                   
                    Edison, NJ
•  

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Mitigating Nuisance Alarms

• Sensitivities
• Blocking or Detection Zones
• Delays
• Cross Zoning
• Schedules
• Commissioning Period

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Marriott

• 8 Camera System attached to horn and strobe
• Monitored onsite and with remote access

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Advantages

• Volume Detection
• Large coverage area
• Situational awareness
• Continuous video recording
• Standards and Listing

• Fast detection
• Cost
• Nuisance rejection
• Post event reconstruction
• NFPA 72 FM

Provides a solution to fire and smoke detection
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Video detection Scenario
Improved response time and situational awareness
Visual ID
911
Fast Detection
IP
Dry-contact
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Questions and Contact Information

• Questions, Comments, Words of Wisdom
• Contact Information
• Webpage www.axonx.com