Chapter 4 Human Population Growth

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Chapter 4Human Population Growth

• Describe world population changes and trends
• Explain how population changes occur
• Distinguish between developed and developing
  nations, including population trends
• Describe the role of population control

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Terms

• Birth rate
• Death rate
• Demography
• Developed country
• Developing country
• Fertility rate
• Life expectancy
• Migration
• Natural population change
• Population
• Population control
• Replacement fertility rate
• Total fertility rate
• Zero population growth

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Population

• Is the number of people in a location

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Current Population

• The world has a population of 5.6 billion people
• It is increasing at the rate 3 per 254,000 per
  day or 1.7 a year
• Worldwide increases have been most rapid since
  1950
• Better health care and improved nutrition help
  people live longer
• Fewer infants and small children are dying before
  adulthood
• Expected to decline after about the year 2050 as
  developing countries improve living conditions

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Demography

• Demography is the science of human population
• Common demographic information includes age,
  gender, income, race, and education
• The countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America
  have the highest population growth
• Europe and North America have the lowest
  population growth
• The worlds population will double by 2030 or at
  least by 2050

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Population Change

• Natural change
• Birth and death rate
• Population declines

• Migration
• Opportunity for prosperity
• Rural to urban migration

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Birth and Death Rates

• The birth rate (fertility rate) is the average
  number of births per 1,000 people per year
• The death rate (mortality rate) is the average
  number of deaths per 1,000 people per year
• Currently, each minute in the world, 270 babies
  are born and 90 people die, population increases
  180 people a minute

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Population Declines

• Occur when the birth rate is not adequate to
  maintain the population
• Migration and death rate exceeds the birth rate
  and immigration
• Europe, Russia and Ukraine also have decline
  population

• The death rate declines because of
• Development in disease control and treatment
• Food and nutrition are important
• Prevent accidents and injuries

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Migration

• Opportunity for prosperity
• Seeking new opportunity and occupation

• Rural to urban migration
• Problems related to quality of life

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Extent of Development

• Developed country
• Is industrialized
• Higher income
• Fewer needed in farming
• Science and technology is high
• About 45 countries as Europe, North America,
  Japan, New Zealand, Australia

• Developing country
• Is not industrialized
• Low income and poor
• Based on subsistence farming
• Few job in business and industries
• About 125 countries in Africa, Latin America,
  Asia, Caribbean, Oceania

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Contrasting Birth Rate

• Developed countries
• Japan 10 babies/1,000 people a year
• USA 9/1,000

• Developing countries
• Pakistan 45/1,000
• China 21/1,000

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Fertility Rate

• Replacement fertility rate
• Indicates the number of children needed to
  replace those who die
• Important measure of the ability of a population
  to maintain itself
• Developed countries, RFR is about 2.1 babies per
  female
• Developing countries is 2.5 babies per female

• Total fertility rate
• Is the average number of children a woman will
  have
• TFR for the world is currently 3.3 babies per
  female
• Developed countries 1.9
• Developing countries 3.7

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Life Expectancy

• Is the number of years that a newborn baby may be
  expect to live
• All countries average 66 years
• Developed countries 75 years
• Developing countries 63 years
• Japan 79 years
• Sierra Leone 43 years

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Population Control

• How many people can the resources of the world
  support?
• Population control is reducing the rate of
  population increase
• Zero population growth reflects a birth rate
  equal to the death rate

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Acceptance of Population Control

• The past
• Large families because children could help the
  work
• Children could care in later years

• The present
• Small families
• Prepare for their live as older adults
• Fertility rates declines as educational levels
  increase

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Tests

• How is the worlds population predicted to change
  in the next 50 years?
• How do natural population changes influence world
  population? Contrast natural changes with changes
  caused by migration.
• What are the major differences in population
  trends between the industrialized and developing
  countries?
• How can population growth be controlled?
• Do you feel that some from of limitation on
  births is desirable? Why?