Vlkerrecht II Professor Dr' Bernhard Kempen

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Völkerrecht II Professor Dr. Bernhard Kempen

• IV. Der Kampf gegen den internationalen
  Terrorismus

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Internationaler Terrorismus

• Bislang keine allgemeingültige Begriffsdefinition
• Terrorismus begriffliche Eingrenzungen
• Dauerhaftigkeit (lt-gt Tyrannenmord)
• Planmäßigkeit (lt-gt spontane Gewalt anlässlich
  einer Demonstration)
• politische Zielsetzung (lt-gt organisierte
  Wirtschafts-kriminalität)
• Überwindung der Unterscheidung von Kombattanten
  und Nicht-Kombattanten (lt-gt Guerillakampf,
  Befreiungskampf)
• Kategorien
• Destabilisierungsziel, ideologisches Ziel
• regionaler, nationaler, internationaler
  Terrorismus
• sozialrevolutionärer Terrorismus
• religiös motivierter Terrorismus
• Symbolwirkung terroristischer Handlungen
• Bedrohungspotential (Nuklearterrorismus)

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Quelle DER
SPIEGEL Nr. 28, 9.7.07, S.21
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Die Bemühungen der internationalen
Staatengemeinschaft1963 Convention on Offences
and Certain Other Acts Committed On Board
Aircraft (Aircraft Convention) 1970 Convention
for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of
Aircraft (Unlawful Seizure Convention) 1971
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
against the Safety of Civil Aviation (Civil
Aviation Convention) 1973 Convention on the
Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against
Internationally Protected Persons (Diplomatic
agents Convention) 1979 International Convention
against the Taking of Hostages (Hostages
Convention) 1980 Convention on the Physical
Protection of Nuclear Material (Nuclear Materials
Convention) 1988 Protocol for the Suppression of
Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving
International Civil Aviation, supplementary to
the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful
Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation
(Airport Protocol) 1988 Convention for the
Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety
of Maritime Navigation (Maritime Convention)
2005 Protocol to the Convention for the
Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety
of Maritime Navigation 1988 Protocol for the
Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety
of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental
Shelf (Fixed Platform Protocol)1991 Convention
on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the
Purpose of Detection (Plastic Explosives
Convention) 1997 International Convention for
the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings (Terrorist
Bombing Convention) 1999 International
Convention for the Suppression of the Financing
of Terrorism (Terrorist Financing
Convention)2005 International Convention for the
Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (Nuclear
Terrorism Convention)neu GA Resolution vom
08.09.2006 The United Nations Global
Counter-Terrorism Strategy, (A/RES/60/288)
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1267 Committee Established in 1999 by
resolution 1267 and tasked with monitoring the
sanctions against the Taliban (and subsequently
Al-Qaida as of 2000). At the request of the
Security Council, the Secretary-General has
appointed an Analytical Support and Sanctions
Monitoring Team to assist the Committee. The Team
comprises experts in counter-terrorism and
related legal issues, arms embargoes, travel bans
and terrorist financing.
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Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC)In 2001,
following the September 11 terrorist attacks
against the US , the Security Council established
a Counter Terrorism Committee also comprising all
members of the Security Council, under resolution
1373. This resolution obliges Member States to
take a number of measures to prevent terrorist
activities and to criminalize various forms of
terrorist actions, as well as to take measures
that assist and promote cooperation among
countries including adherence to international
counter-terrorism instruments. Member States are
required to report regularly to the Counter
Terrorism Committee on the measures they have
taken to implement resolution 1373.
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1540 Committee On 28 April 2004, the United
Nations Security Council unanimously adopted
Resolution 1540 (2004) under Chapter VII of the
United Nations Charter, obliging States, inter
alia, to refrain from supporting by any means
non-State actors from developing, acquiring,
manufacturing, possessing, transporting,
transferring or using nuclear, chemical or
biological weapons and their delivery systems.
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1566 Working Group The Council, also in 2004,
adopted resolution 1566 which called on Member
States to take action against groups and
organizations engaged in terrorist activities
that were not subject to the 1267 Committee's
review. Resolution 1566 established the 1566
Working Group made up of all Council members to
recommend practical measures against such
individuals and groups, as well as to explore the
possibility of setting up a compensation fund for
victims of terrorism.
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SC Res. 1611 (2005) vom 7. Juli 2005 (nach den
Anschlägen in London)The Security Council,-
Reaffirming the purposes and principles of the
Charter of the United Nations and its relevant
resolutions, in particular its resolutions 1373
(2001) of 28 September 2001 and 1566 (2004) of 8
October 2004,- Reaffirming the need to combat by
all means, in accordance with the Charter of the
United Nations, threats to international peace
and security caused by terrorist acts,1.
Condemns without reservation the terrorist
attacks in London on 7 July 2005, and regards any
act of terrorism as a threat to peace and
security 2. Expresses its deepest sympathy and
condolences to the victims of these terrorist
attacks and their families, and to the people and
Government of the United Kingdom3. Urges all
States, in accordance with their obligations
under resolution 1373 (2001), to cooperate
actively in efforts to find and bring to justice
the perpetrators, organizers and sponsors of
these barbaric acts4. Expresses its utmost
determination to combat terrorism, in
accordancewith its responsibilities under the
Charter of the United Nations.
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SECURITY COUNCIL PRESS STATEMENT ON TERRORIST
ATTACKS IN MUMBAI, 27 November 2008, by President
of the Council Jorge Urbina ( Costa Rica)The
members of the Security Council condemned in the
strongest terms the terrorist attacks in Mumbai
that started on 26 November, which included the
taking of hostages and caused numerous deaths and
injuries. The members of the Security Council
underlined the need to bring perpetrators,
organizers, financiers and sponsors of these
reprehensible acts of terrorism to justice and
urged all States, in accordance with their
obligations under international law and relevant
Security Council resolutions, to cooperate
actively with the Indian authorities in this
regard. The members of the Security Council
reiterated that all acts of terrorism are
criminal and unjustifiable, regardless of their
motivation, and reaffirmed the need to combat by
all means, in accordance with the Charter of the
United Nations, threats to international peace
and security caused by terrorist acts. The
members of the Security Council reminded States
that they must ensure that measures taken to
combat terrorism comply with all their
obligations under international law, in
particular international human rights, refugee
and humanitarian law.The members of the
Security Council reiterated their determination
to combat all forms of terrorism, in accordance
with its responsibilities under the Charter of
the United Nations.
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Der Kampf gegen den internationalen Terrorismus

• Problemkreise der Terrorismusbekämpfung aus
  völkerrechtlicher Sicht
• Selbstverteidigung in asymmetrischer
  Kriegsführung (Zurechnungsproblematik)
• Präventive und präemptive Selbstverteidigung
  (Effektivität und Missbrauchsgefahr
• Status gefangener Terroristen (Guantanamo)
• Military Commissions Act of 2006
• Schutzbereich der III. Genfer Konvention
• Art. 4 A Nr. 2 5 S. 2 III. Genfer Konvention
• Art. 75 Abs. 1 Zusatzprotokoll zu den Genfer
  Konventionen
• Art. 14 IPbürgR
• 12. 06. 2008 US-Supreme Court (Boumediene vs.
  Bush) Gunantanamo Häftlinge haben ein
  verfassungsmäßiges echt auf Überprüfung ihrer
  Freiheitsentziehung vor der zivilen
  US-Gerichtsbarkeit