Teachback Methodology 1

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Teachback Methodology!A unique methodology for
training trainers

• (Draft)
• Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC)
  Division of Tuberculosis Elimination (DTBE)
• Global AIDS Program (GAP)

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Objectives for This Session

• Participants will be able to describe
• The teachback methodology
• How the methodology will be used in this training
  of trainers
• The type of feedback that will be provided during
  the teachback methodology

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Background

• Based on the increasing demand for trainers in
  various disciplines, the CDC Divisions of Global
  AIDS Program (GAP) and Tuberculosis Elimination
  (DTBE) determined there was a need to
• Provide training-of-trainers (TOT) courses
• Provide a systematic method for planning and
  conducting training

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Many Trainers Throughout the World. . .

• Have expertise in a particular content or
  technical area
• Do not have formal education in training
• Develop training skills either on the job,
  through professional training courses, or through
  self study
• Model their training style after teachers they
  had in school
• Have never received feedback on their performance
  from a professional trainer
• Not sure how to conduct TOTs

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Goal of the Teachback Method

• Provide participants with the opportunity to
• Enhance training skills
• Practice training skills in a safe and supportive
  environment
• Receive feedback on their training skills
• Enhance their own training styles
• Observe other training style

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History of Teachback Methodology

• Originated in 1975
• Developed from a cybernetics framework
• Based on conversation theory

Dr. Gordon Paskcreated Teachback
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Development of the Teachback Curriculum

• First learned about Teachback from
• CDC/Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Domestic HIV
  Counseling Testing Courses
• CDC/Global Aids Program HIV Counseling Testing
  Course
• The CDC Global AIDS Program and the Division of
  Tuberculosis Elimination recognized the potential
  to use Teachback
• To teach this methodology to other trainers
• In other courses to create TOTs
• Began developing the CDC Teachback Methodology
  Curriculum in 2003

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Courses that Have Used Teachback Methodology to
Create TOTs

• WHO/CDC Surveillance of HIV, AIDS, and STDs
  (Africa)
• PMTCT Monitoring System (Nigeria)
• HIV in the Workplace (Botswana)
• PMTCT (Kenya)
• Epi Info (Vietnam)
• TB/HIV Diagnostic Testing and Counseling
  (Tanzania and Kenya)
• TB/HIV Surveillance (Botswana)
• Managing TB at the Raion Level (Russia)
• TB Operational Research (Argentina)
• MDR TB and Pulmonology (Latvia)
• HIV Rapid Test, CD4 , Hematology, and Chemistry
  Lab Courses (Africa)

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CDC Teachback Course Participants

• Various professions

• Various amounts of training experience

• Various countries

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Teachback Methodology Is Based on Adult Learning
Principles

• Generally, adults want
• Training that is participatory
• To gain knowledge and skills that can be applied
  to their jobs
• Positive reinforcement and feedback about areas
  of weakness
• To share their knowledge and experience.

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Teachback Methodology Steps
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Participants Play Two Roles in the Training
2. Trainer (when they practice the
skills and teach a portion of the course content
to other participants)
1. Course Participant
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Skills that Can be Taught
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Feedback

• One of the most important aspects of this
  training of trainers
• Important for adult learning
• Opportunity to improve performance
• May be the only time participants receive
  feedback on their skills from a master trainer
• Focuses on a participants skills

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Feedback (cont.)

• Is given in both oral and written formats
• Builds on each participants strengths, skills,
  and abilities
• Identifies areas that were performed well
• Identifies areas that could be improved

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Feedback Forms Different Form for Each Skill
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What Is Assessed in the Feedback

• Facilitation Skills (depends on the course)
• Interactive Lecture
• Exercise and Group Discussion
• Role Play
• Laboratory Skills
• Computer Skills
• Teaching Course Content

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Feedback Process

• Provided after each participant facilitates
  his/her portion of the course curriculum
• Conducted in front of the other participants
• (Everyone learns from hearing the feedback)
• Process includes
• The participant self-assesses his/her own
  performance
• The trainer provides feedback orally and on the
  feedback form
• Another participant provides feedback orally and
  on the feedback form

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Skill in Giving Feedback

• Each participant will have the opportunity to
  give feedback to another participant
• This is a valuable skill that can be used in many
  ways
• Other trainings
• On-the-job training
• Supervising others
• Everyday life (with co-workers, friends, or
  family)

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Giving Feedback

• Feedback should
• Offer positive and encouraging information
• Emphasize what the participant did well
• Offer suggestions for what could be improved
• Participants will NOT BE CRITICIZED
• Participants will NOT BE COMPARED to one another

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Giving Feedback (cont.)

• It takes 8 - 9 positive comments
• to undo the damage of 1 negative comment.

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Giving Feedback (cont.)

• Offer praise before sharing constructive
  suggestions for improvement
• Direct comments towards behaviors that the person
  has some control over
• Use the first person I think, I saw
• Be brief in your comments
• Offer suggestions for things that describe what
  you saw and heard not judgments
• Be sensitive to cultural issues

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Giving Feedback (cont.)

• When mistakes happen
• Do not embarrass the person
• Make the situation into a positive one
• Make it a teaching moment

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Receiving Feedback

• Ask for specific and descriptive feedback
• Ask clarifying questions to understand the
  feedback
• Accept the feedback. Do not defend or justify the
  behavior
• Listen and thank the trainers and participants
  for sharing their perspectives
• Reflect on the feedback and use relevant feedback
  as information to improve performance

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Benefits of the Teachback Methodology

• For participants, Teachback can be very
  empowering because they can
• Integrate training theory with teaching course
  content
• Practice training in a safe environment
• Receive feedback on their performance of training
  skills
• Learn from their peers
• Observe multiple styles of performing a skill
• Develop confidence in training others

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Benefits of the Teachback Methodology

• For trainers, Teachback can be very gratifying
  because they can
• See an immediate application of participants
  knowledge, skills, and attitudes
• Directly observe participants performance
• Provide feedback
• Create a participatory learning environment
• Apply adult learning principles
• Build capacity for training

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Day 1Trainers Teach Participants

• Training Basics
• For each of the skills (i.e., interactive
  lecture, group discussion, role play)
• Discuss how to facilitate each of the skills
• Demonstrate facilitating the skills
• Demonstrate feedback on performance of skill
• Participants receive Teachback assignments

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Day 2 Participants Prepare for Teachbacks

• Participants work in teams to prepare for their
  teachbacks
• Trainers assist participantswith course content
  and training issues

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Day 2 Through Last Day Participants Do
Teachbacks

• Participants teach each other using a portion of
  the curriculum
• Each participant
• Facilitates an interactive lecture
• Facilitates (or co-facilitates) exercises, group
  discussions, and/or a role play
• Each participant receives feedback on performance
  of skills
• Self-assessment
• Trainer provides feedback
• Another participant provides feedback

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Last Day

• Trainers teach how to plan for a Teachback TOT
• Participants create an action plan

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Review

• What are the three steps to the Teachback
  Methodology?
• What type of feedback should be given?
• How many positive comments does it take to over
  come a negative comment?