RISK ASSESSMENT

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RISK ASSESSMENT
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What is Risk Assessment

• Risk Assessment is the systematic examination of
  a job intended to identify potential hazards,
  assess the level of risks, and evaluate practical
  measures to control risks
• Risk Assessment is a procedure to make job safe
  by
• Identifying the HAZARDS associated with each step
  and
• Developing SOLUTIONS to each hazard that either
  ELIMINATE it or CONTROL it.

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Risk Assessments

• Make jobs safer and less likely to result in
  injury
• Eliminate unsafe acts and unsafe conditions
• Will make the laboratory (work place) safer
• Can be performed on any experimental task
• Are proactive approach to ensuring health and
  safety of students and others

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Risk Assessment Definitions HAZARD
A Condition with the Potential for Causing
Injury, Damage,or Mission Degradation.
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Risk Assessment Definitions RISK
An Expression of possible loss in terms of
SEVERITY and PROBABILITY. Considered as the
potential for adverse effects resulting from an
activity or event
Risk- means the chance that someone will be
harmed by the hazard. Risk Hazard effect x
Probability (likelihood of Occurrence)
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Risk Concepts
How Big??
How Often??
Consequences
Frequencies
RISK
Acceptability Criteria
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ANALYZE RISK ASSESSMENT
Using sound concepts to Detect,HAZARDS and
Estimate the Risk they Pose.

• Prioritize Identified Hazards
• Severity of Possible Loss
• Probability of Possible Loss

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ANALYZE RISK ASSESSMENT

• As defined previously, a hazard is something with
  the potential to cause harm

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RISK Management

• Acceptable Risk
• Risk cannot be justified on any grounds
• ALARP, Compare Risk with Benefit
• Tolerable region if risk function is not
  reasonably or economically practicable and
  achievable
• Negligible Risk

INTOLERABLE REGION
TOLERABLE REGION
ACCEPTABLE REGION
ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practicable
Risk Assessors Knowledge, Consult, Share,
Review, Team Work Team Knowledge Experience
Discussions Review
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Risk Management Process
What can go Wrong
How likely is it?
What are the Impacts
Understand Risk
MANAGE RISK
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How to do a risk assessment?

• List the activities involved in your research
  project/teaching experiment
• Use, handling, storage and disposal of the agent
• Study the hazards of each activity / procedure
  /process
• Evaluate the severity and probability of
  accidents/incidents arising from these hazards
• Consider current control measures
• Implement appropriate control measures

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Risk Assessments are not safety inspections ?
looking beyond the surface
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Risk Assessment Methods
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Risk Analysis Methods
Observation Method
Recall Check Method
Discussion Method Proactive Team Effort
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Risk Assessment Template
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Risk Assessment Template
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Risk Assessment Flowchart
EXPERIMENT TO BE ANALYZED
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BREAK THE JOB DOWN INTO SUCCESSIVE STEPS
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IDENTIFY POTENTIAL HAZARDS
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ANALYSE RISKS Likelihood and Severity
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EVALUATE RISKS Consider existing safeguards
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DEVELOP WAYS TO ELIMINATE POTENTIAL HAZARDS
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1. Selecting Experiments

• Ultimately all tasks in laboratory
• Jobs does not have a written procedure
• First jobs with highest rates of accidents or
  greatest potential for injuries
• New Experiments
• Changes in process and procedures
• Involve all students and researchers

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Selecting Experiments

• Practical constraints on time and resources
• Some experiments are more hazardous than others
  and some have worse incident history than others
• Factors that can be considered to prioritize
• Frequency of past incidents
• Severity of potential activities
• Infrequently performed jobs students may be
  greater risk when undertaking non-routine tasks

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2. Break Experiment into Tasks
A task is a single, separate, specific component
of the employees overall duties.
A TASK is a single activity that clearly advances
a work assignment and is a logical portion of
that assignment.
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Break down into Successive Tasks

• Task is a segment of an overall job
• Completion of each operational task in proper
  sequence leads to the completion of the job
• Break down into basic steps or task
• Important to keep the tasks in their correct
  sequence
• Dividing a job into tasks requires a thorough
  knowledge of the job

If the tasks are made too general, specific
operations and related hazards may be missed Too
many tasks may make the Risk Assessment
impractical Rule of Thumb- Most experiments can
be described in less than ten tasks normally 6
8 tasks
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Break down into Successive Tasks - Example

• Breakdown the tasks associated with a job of
  changing wheel of a car
• Jack up the wheel
• Remove the wheel nut
• Exchange the wheels
• Replace the wheel nuts
• Lower vehicle
• Step-by-step breakdown of a job Planting a Tree
• Dig the hole
• Prepare the hole
• Put the tree into the hole
• Backfill, tamp and water
• Brace the tree
• Clean up and return equipment.

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3. IDENTIFY POTENTIAL HAZARDS
It is important when conducting a Risk
Assessment, that you evaluate equipment,
procedures and personnel.
Procedures
Personnel
Equipment

• Each step is analyzed for potential inherent
  hazards
• Decision on the relevance of any particular
  hazard come later in the risk assessment
  processes

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• Hazardous material (Biological Agents, Chemicals
  and Radioactive materials)
• Equipment
• Collection
• Transportation

SOURCE

• Extraction/isolation
• Purification
• Manipulation
• Dilution
• Pilot plants

LABORATORY ACTIVITIES/OPERATIONS

• Storage
• Handling
• Waste Treatment

DISPOSAL/TRANSFER
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Hazards in Laboratories

• Chemical
• Physical
• Radioactive
• Biological
• Mechanical
• Ergonomic Hazards
• Human Factor
• Combinations

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Chemical Hazards

• Flammability, Vapor pressure, Flash Point etc.
• Exposure, absorption, dose
• Protective procedures and equipment
• Analytical tools
• Planning for avoidance

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Physical Hazards

• Explosions, fires, cuts, wounds, noise, heat

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Chemical Burns Inadequate PPE
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Radioactive Hazards

• Medical laboratories, research laboratories
• Mixed chemical wastes
• Poor/no warning properties
• Passive surveillance devices available

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Biological Hazards

• Animals (poisons vs physical wounds)
• Infection (pathogenic bacteria, viruses, molds)
• Health care facilities, waste treatment
  operations, normal field activities

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Combined Hazards

• Infection, Wound
• Fire, Explosion
• Dust, Chemicals

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4. ANALYZE RISKS

• By Considering
• Severity and
• Probability
• Severity
• Classified into Low, Medium and High
• Low (Minor injuries First Aid)
• Medium (Hospitalization, Medical Treatment gt 3
  days MC)
• High (Serious Injuries, Fatality)

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4. ANALYZE RISKS

• Probability
• How often it can happen
• Generally can be classified into
• Very Likely - Very often, happen at all times
• Likely Not certain, an additional factor may
  trigger
• Possible could happen
• Rare combination of more than 1 activities
  required
• Unlikely Remotely Possible
• Very likely can be often incidents/accidents
• Possible chance in accidents/incidents (every 3
  years)
• Unlikely never hear before ( gt 10 years)

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5. EVALUATE RISKS

• Combination of Severity and Probability
• Severity
• Low - 1
• Medium - 2
• High - 3
• Probability
• Unlikely - 1
• Possible - 2
• Very Likely - 3

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5. EVALUATE RISKS

• Quantitative Risk Assessment
• Risk Severity x Probability
• Vary from 1 to 9
• lt 3 - Acceptable Residual Risk - Low
• 3 - Consider Additional Risk Control - Med
• gt3 - Additional Risk control Required - High

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5. EVALUATE RISKS
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6. HAZARD CONTROL

• Eliminate the hazard
• Substitute the hazard with less hazardous or
  non-hazardous options
• Minimize risk due to the hazard
• Reduce the exposure
• Isolate the hazard
• Provide personal protective equipment and
  clothing
• Implement administrative controls
• Have an emergency plan in place

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HAZARD CONTROL Eliminate Hazard

• Most effective measure because the risk is
  eliminated
• Choose different process
• Modify an existing process by changing the energy
  type
• Modify or change equipment or tool
• Lock out energy source

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HAZARD CONTROL Substitute

• Very effective, especially for hazardous
  substance
• Replace solvent by water solution
• Substitute vapor heating by electric heating
• Use electronic control instead of pneumatic one
• Use a non-sparking hammer in a flammable
  atmosphere instead of a steel hammer

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IMPLEMENT CONTROLS

• Engineering Controls
• Administrative Controls
• Personal Protective Equipment

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Control Measures

• Elimination/Substitution
• Use a chemical of higher LD50, PEL,
• Use a biological agent of lower risk grouping
• Micro-scale experiments / Computer simulation
• Engineering
• Biological Safety Cabinet, Local Exhaust
  ventilation, Fume cupboard, etc
• Centrifuges safety cups
• Interlocks
• Safety Guards
• Primary barrier to prevent exposure by
  containment

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Control Measures

• Administrative
• Standard Operating Procedures, signage, etc
• Survey/Wipe tests verification tests, hygiene
  monitoring
• Occupational Health vaccinations/immunizations
• Training and Education
• Labeling
• Inspections and Audits
• Maintenance of Equipment

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When to revise a Risk Assessment

• If the equipment sustains any damage
• After a close call Near Miss
• Complaints smell, hot surface etc.
• When an experimental step is altered
• When an injury or accident occurs incidents
• Once in every three years

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SUMMARY

• Risk Assessment is a structured methodology for
  the identification of hazards and assessment of
  risks associated with all experimental activities
• It Requires
• Experimental Description / Research plan
• Breakdown of experiment into tasks
• Quality Hazard Analysis knowledge, experience
• Hazard Elimination or Control
• Communication of hazards and safeguards to those
  doing the tasks training, group meeting
• Keeping Documents Record Keeping
• Audits (Ensure Effectiveness)

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Questions?
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Expectations

• Conduct Risk Assessment
• All Experiments in the laboratory
• Get all necessary details of chemicals and
  experimental protocols
• Conduct comprehensive Risk Assessment using the
  template
• Identify all hazards, control measures and PPE
  requirements
• Review by the Principle Investigators
• Record Keeping
• Paste the Hazard warning label in your
  laboratories align with Risk Assessment

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END
Thank You