Integrating the Development Footprint in the Natural Environment through Land Planning and Low Impac

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Integrating the Development Footprint in the
Natural Environment through Land Planning and Low
Impact Development Design
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Consulting and Site Design Services Specializing
In Conservation Land Planning and Low Impact
Development Site Design
1093 Corley Mill Road, Lexington, SC 29072
sommergreen_at_alltel.net 803.996.0223
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Why is it important to integrate the development
footprint in the natural environment?
PeopleProsperityPlanet
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When you think Green, consider all Sustainable
elements, from the Land to the Building and the
People who inhabit it!This presentation will
focus on the land.
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Do not try to conform the land to the design,
rather, conform the design to the
land. Understand the landwalk it, fly over it,
study it, discover the lands redeeming values.
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Land Planning Process
STEP 1 Define Project Objectives and Goals
STEP 2 Perform Site Evaluation and Analysis
STEP 3 Perform Hydrologic Analysis
STEP 4 Develop Conceptual Plan
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Site Analysis Process
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Slope Analysis 0 to 10 Prime Buildable,
Commercial, Small Lots 10 to 15 Secondary
Buildable, Large Lot Subdivisions 15 to 25
Severe Slopes, Open Space or rear yards of lots gt
25 Prohibitive Slopes, Preserve
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Slope Analysis
Use steep slope areas greater than 15 as part of
the rear yards instead of crossing them with
roadways, or trying to place home sites on them.
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Hydrologic Analysis / Natural Drainage Patterns
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Define Stormwater Objectives Goals

• Identify the objectives for the project.
• Water Quality Control (First Inch of Rainfall,
• First Flush)
• Runoff Volume Control (Pre minus Post,
• 1 Year Post, etc.)
• Peak Runoff Rate (2 Year, 10 Year, 25 Year
  etc.)
• Flow Frequency and Duration (1 year, 24-hour,
• 2 year, 24-hour Event)

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Soil Analysis HSG A,B,C D
Install Stormwater Features in Pervious Soils
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Vegetation Analysis
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Delineate Sensitive Areas
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Site Analysis Process
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Develop Conceptual Plan
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Design concept that distributes stromwater
management practices throughout the site. This
should be done in conjunction with the site
layout and not as an afterthought.
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Develop Preliminary Sketch
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Use natural drainage ways along rear yard lines
to act as a natural divide, providing privacy and
a place to discharge runoff from the lots.
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Refine Preliminary Plan
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Place roads along ridge lines so that the lots
drain to the rear if possible. Follow the contour
of the land and limit the depth of cuts and
fills, which in turn limits the clearing in side
slopes and also the necessary clearing and
grading to install a driveway.
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Land Planning One Step Further Guiding
Principals to Conservation Planning
Develop our urban environment in ways that
promote healthy rivers, watersheds, and natural
resources. The inter-relationships between
stormwater runoff, water quality and habitat
health should be considered in all development.
Avoid and minimize impact to natural
resources. Protecting native vegetation and
natural drainage patterns are the best ways to
manage stormwater and preserve natural resources
and habitat for fish and wildlife. Use a
natural system approach in existing, new and
redevelopment. Mimic natural water flow by
minimizing land disturbance and incorporating
natural landscape features. This approach in
design and construction can reduce investments in
complex and costly engineering strategies.
Natural systems also provide multiple benefits
for water quality, cooling, energy conservation,
property enhancement and recreation.
Source Sustainable Site Development,
Environmental Services City of Portland, Oregon
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Clemson University Advanced Materials Research
Laboratory Facility LEED certified as a Green
Building by the U.S. Green Building
Council. Services provided by Sue Green initial
site selection, land planning, vehicle and
pedestrian circulation studies and site layout
and design. Secial Features Site-specific
challenges Steep slopes and large hardwood
trees. Creating a sense of connectivity with
existing university facilities. Site
visibility special focus areas. To minimize
cut/fill ratios and the elimination of specimen
trees, grading was kept to a minimum by
providing terraced parking areas and
constructing the facility partially into the
hillside.
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Conservation Development Bottom Line Results
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Conservation Development Example
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Conservation Development Bottom Line Results
Natural Habitat left pristine for plants, animals
to thrive and the residents of this community to
enjoy as an amenity.
TOTAL TAX SAVINGS FROM DONATION OF CE.
900,000 Dependent on individuals income tax
picture.
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Land Planning is an Integral Component of Low
Impact Development Site Design
The goal of L.I.D. is to develop a site using
techniques, strategies, BMPs, and criteria to
store, infiltrate, transpire, retain, and detain
runoff on the site to replicate the pre-
development runoff characteristics and mimic the
natural and unique hydrology of the site.
With the L.I.D. design , the receiving waters
will experience little change in the volume,
frequency, or quality of runoff or in the base
flows fed by ground water.
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Key Considerations for Conservation LID Site
Design
Examples of the LID site planning techniques
include, but are not limited to

• Do a thorough site analysis before you start
  your design.
• Design your site with the existing topography,
  avoid mass clearing and grading.
• Preserve as many trees as possible.
• Maintain natural drainage ways and patterns.
• Disperse runoff, do not concentrate it.
• Reduce the percentage of impervious areas
  through efficient layout of roadways and
  parking.
• Disconnect impervious areas.
• Discharge runoff from hard surfaces such as
  roofs and driveways onto lawns or vegetated
  areas.

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Local Example of LID Project
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Soil Analysis
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Analysis Vegetation, Topo, Circulation,
Hydrology, Surrounding Land Use
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Drainage Area Plan
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Grading Stormwater Management Plan
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Single-FamilyLot
Woods to Remain
Rain Garden
Typical Lot 16,000 S.F.
Green tree Reservoir
Lawn
Lawn
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Conventional Stormwater Management
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LID Vs. ConventionalConstruction Costs
LID Practices Excavation 500.00 Fabric 300.00
Underdrain 150.00 Cleanout 250.00 57
Stone 550.00 Backfill 500.00 Veg./Mulch 400.0
0 Total 2650.00 x 7 Lots 18,550.00
Conventional Detention Pond Pond
Excavation 5000.00 Pipe
15,700.00 Outlet Structure 2500.00 Fence 4940.
00 Spillway 1000.00 Silt Fence
500.00 Grassing 500.00 Total 30,140.00
TOTAL SAVINGS FOR IMPLEMENTING LID PRACTICES
11,450.
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LID Tools and Practices
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Conventional Subdivision
Mass Clearing and Mass Grading Wide Roads, Major
Cut Fill Curb Gutter Channelizes Runoff Wide
Sidewalks on Both Sides of Street Piped Drainage
System Speeds Runoff Street trees to replace
Mature Vegetation Suburbia
L.I.D. Subdivision
Layout Based on Site Analysis Roadway Follow
contours No curb or sidewalk or Maximum One
Side Roadside Swales to Filter and Slow
Runoff Preserve Natural Wooded Areas, No Street
Trees Rural Feel
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Rain Garden / Bioretention Cell Detail
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Residential Rain Gardens On Individual Lots
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Enhanced Water Quality Swale
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LID PRACTICES Permeable Paving
Applications Alternative driveways

• Fire truck on grass pavers
• Driveways
• Wheel ruts
• Grass and paver driveway

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LID PRACTICES Permeable Paving
Runoff reduction for driveways and sidewalks

• Grass pavers
• Paving stones
• Porous asphalt
• Pervious concrete

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Typical Dry Well
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Level Spreaders
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Single-Family Residential
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Multi-Family L.I.D. Developments
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Commercial Retrofit Shopping Center
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• New Development
• Large Mall

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WHY DO WE NEED LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT?

• High cost and low effectiveness of conventional
  pipe and pond strategies

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Water Quality Benefits from Bioretention / Rain
Gardens
Bioretention Releases less water to the storm
drainage network than inflow REDUCING Pollutant
loads. Bioretention Removes Oil Greases and
Many Metals from Stormwater Bioretention Reduces
Nitrogen Phosphorus Loading Bioretention
Reduces Bacteria Concentrations Bioretention
Reduces Runoff Volumes Overflow reduction yields
groundwater recharge and infiltration major
components of LID.
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Cost - Benefits of LID To the Community

• Reduced Flooding Cost
• Reduced CSO Control Costs
• Reduced Filtration Costs
• Reduced Cooling Costs
• Reduced Operation
• Maintenance Costs
• Increased Amenity Value

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Cost - Benefits of LID for the Developer

• Increased number of lots
• Reduced construction costs grassy swales, no
  curb gutter
• Increased regulatory compliance - Reduced
  permitting fees
• Increases property value - Enhances aesthetic
  values
• Enhances environmental value
• Reduces pollutants in stormwater runoff water
  quality benefits
• Unique marketability

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Cost Benefits for the Natural Environment
Endless
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Without proper conservation planning, we will all
be sunk deep in problems!!!
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Conservation Land Planning, Low Impact
Development Site Design Questions?
1093 Corley Mill Road, Lexington, SC 29072
sommergreen_at_alltel.net 803.996.0223