Nucleic acids store information in their sequences of chemical units'

1
Chapter 11.2

• Nucleic acids store information in their
  sequences of chemical units.

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Study Guide

• Source
• Campbell, N.A., Williamson, B., and Heyden, R.J.
  (2004) Biology Exploring Life. Upper Saddle
  River, New Jersey Pearson Education, Inc.,
  Chapter 4.

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deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

• 11.2

4
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

• molecule responsible for inheritance nucleic
  acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose

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nucleotide

• 11.2

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nucleotide

• building block (monomer) of nucleic acid
  polymers

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nitrogenous base

• 11.2

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nitrogenous base

• single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen
  atoms with attached functional groups, found in
  nucleic acids

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pyrimidine

• 11.2

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pyrimidine

• single-ring nitrogenous base

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purine

• 11.2

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purine

• double-ring nitrogenous base

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double helix

• 11.2

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double helix

• two strands of nucleotides wound about each
  other structure of DNA

15
What are the three parts of a nucleotide? Which
parts make up the backbone of a DNA strand?

• 11.2

16

• What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
• Nitrogenous base, phosphate, and sugar
  (deoxyribose).
• Which parts make up the backbone of a DNA strand?
• Sugar and phosphate make up the backbone.

17
List the two base pairs found in DNA.

• 11.2

18
List the two base pairs found in DNA.

• Adenine-thymine
• Guanine-cytosine

19
If six bases on one strand of a DNA double helix
are AGTCGG, what are the six bases on the
complementary section of the other strand of DNA?

• 11.2

20
If six bases on one strand of a DNA double helix
are AGTCGG, what are the six bases on the
complementary section of the other strand of DNA?

• TCAGCC

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Each nucleotide has three parts, what are they?

• 11.2

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Each nucleotide has three parts, what are they?

• A ring-shaped sugar called deoxyribose
• A phosphate group (a phosphorus atom surrounded
  by four oxygen atoms)
• A nitrogenous base (ny TRAW juhn us) a single or
  double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms with
  functional groups (nitrogenous means
  "nitrogen-containing")
• Figure 11-5A nucleotide has three components a
  sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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DNA contains four different types of nitrogenous
bases. What are they?

• 11.2

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DNA contains four different types of nitrogenous
bases. What are they?
Figure 11-6DNA contains four different
nitrogenous bases. Thymine and cytosine have
single-ring structures. Adenine and guanine have
double-ring structures.
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Describe the sugar phosphate backbone of a DNA
strand.

• 11.2

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Describe the sugar phosphate backbone of a DNA
strand.

• Figure 11-7Nucleotide monomers join together by
  covalent bonds between the sugar of one
  nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, forming
  a sugar-phosphate backbone.

27
What are the three building blocks of a
nucleotide?

• 11.2

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What are the three building blocks of a
nucleotide?

• A sugar
• A phosphate group
• A nitrogenous base

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Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.

• 11.2

30
Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.

• A DNA molecule has a twisting shape called a
  double helix. In the double helix, two strands of
  DNA twist together with the sugar-phosphate
  backbone on the outside and nitrogenous on the
  inside

Figure 11-8The bases pair up between the two
intertwined sugar-phosphate backbones, forming
the double helix discovered by Watson and Crick.
A pairs with T, and G pairs with C.