PFBC Fish Health Management

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PFBC Fish Health Management
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PFBC Fish Health Management
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Pathology Unit
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Fish Health Management
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Why Is Fish Health Management Important?

• To produce a healthy, high quality product

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Why Is Fish Health Management Important?

• To produce a healthy, high quality product
• To reduce the overall cost of fish production
  (dead fish wasted fish food and manpower)

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Why Is Fish Health Management Important?

• To produce a healthy, high quality product
• To reduce the overall cost of fish production
• To minimize the discharge of drugs in fish
  culture station effluents

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Why Is Fish Health Management Important?

• To produce a healthy, high quality product
• To reduce the overall cost of fish production
• To minimize the discharge of drugs in fish
  culture station effluents
• To provide a healthy living environment for fish
  while they are in our care

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Why Do Fish Diseases Occur?
Predisposing Environment
Susceptible Host
Virulent Pathogen
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Why Do Fish Diseases Occur?
Susceptible Host
Predisposing Environment
Virulent Pathogen
DISEASE
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How Do We Improve The Fish Rearing Environment?
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How Do We Improve The Fish Rearing Environment?

• Aeration oxygen injection

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How Do We Improve The Fish Rearing Environment?

• Aeration oxygen injection
• Nitrogen strippers

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How Do We Improve The Fish Rearing Environment?

• Aeration oxygen injection
• Nitrogen strippers
• Raceway covers and netting

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How Do We Improve The Fish Rearing Environment?

• Aeration oxygen injection
• Nitrogen strippers
• Raceway covers and netting
• Water treatment

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How Do We Improve The Fish Rearing Environment?

• Aeration oxygen injection
• Nitrogen strippers
• Raceway covers and netting
• Water treatment
• Fish biomass control

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How Do We Improve The Fish Rearing Environment?

• Aeration oxygen injection
• Nitrogen strippers
• Raceway covers and netting
• Water treatment
• Fish biomass control
• Quality feed and proper feeding

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How Do We Improve The Fish Rearing Environment?

• Aeration oxygen injection
• Nitrogen strippers
• Raceway covers and netting
• Water treatment
• Fish biomass control
• Quality feed and proper feeding
• Fish waste removal

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How Do We Decrease The Susceptibility of Fish
to Disease?

• Natural disease resistance selection
• Pair-spawning or lot-spawning and egg culling
• Vaccination

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How Do We Control Fish Pathogens?

• Avoidance
• Treatment of brood fish
• Treatment of eggs
• Therapeutic drug treatments

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What Types of Pathogens Do We Encounter?

• Parasites
• Bacteria

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What Types of Pathogens Do We Encounter?

• Viruses
• Fungi

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Which Pathogens or Disease Conditions Cause the
Most Problems in Our Production System?
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Bacterial Gill Disease

• Rapid increase in mortality
• High mortality
• Can occur at any age
• No effective FDA approved drugs

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External Coldwater Disease

• Bacterial Infection
• Low mortality

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Systemic Coldwater Disease

• Bacterial Infection
• High mortality
• Poor response to treatments
• No FDA approved drugs available
• Skeletal deformities in surviving fish
• Vaccines ineffective

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Gyrodactylus

• External parasite
• Requires repeated formalin treatments for control

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Gill Amoebae

• External parasite
• Formalin treatments not very effective
• No FDA approved drug available

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What Are Some of Our Major Fish Health Management
Problems?

• Fish biomass exceeding carrying capacity of
  rearing units
• Waste accumulation in rearing units
• Declining source water flows
• Transfers of fish within our hatchery system

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What Are Some of Our Major Fish Health Management
Problems?

• Limited use of influent water disinfection and
  degassing systems
• An insufficient number of FDA approved
  therapeutic drugs
• NPDES limits on drug discharges

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Despite Some Fish Health Management Problems

• The PFBC Annually Produces In Excess of 4.1
  Million Stockable Trout

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