OFFSHORE DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

1
OFFSHORE DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

• STEP CHANGES DEMANDED BY
• DEPLETION, WATER DEPTH, AND DRILLING COSTS

2
THE CHALLENGE

• OFFSHORE DRILLING INDUSTRY LAGS BEHIND OTHER
  INDUSTRIES ACCEPTANCE OF NEW TECHNOLOGY.
• CONVENTIONAL WISDOM IS STILL PRIMARILY FOCUSED
  UPON THE DECADES-OLD HYDRAULIC PRESSURE
  GENERATED BY A PRE-SELECTED FLUID INSIDE THE
  WELLBORE TO CONTROL THE PRESSURES OF THE
  FORMATION BEING DRILLED.
• ONE-THIRD TO ONE-HALF OF ALL KNOWN RESOURCES, GAS
  HYDRATES EXCLUDED, ARE ECONOMICALLY UNDRILLABLE
  WITH CONVENTIONAL TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY.
• ZONAL DEPLETON, NEED TO DRILL IN DEEPER WATER,
  AND EXCESSIVE DRILLING COSTS INDICATE THE AMOUNT
  ECONIMICALLY UNDRILLABLE WILL CONTINUE TO
  INCREASE.

3
STEP-CHANGE TO OFFSHORE UBD

• OVER 100 WELLS TO DATE, ONE IN DEEP WATER HAS
  PROVEN UBD CAN BE SAFELY PRACTICED OFFSHORE.
• RIG SPACE, WELLBORE COMPENTENCY AND PRODUCED
  HYDROCARBONS REMAIN A BARRIER TO TRUE UBD.
• REGULATORY AGENCY STANCE OK WITH A WELL PLANNED
  UBD PROGRAM, SAFETY CASE, CONTINGENCY PLANS,
  PLENTY OF ADVANCE NOTICE, ETC.
• UBD WILL BE MORE COMMONLY PRACTICED IN THE FUTURE.

4
THE PROBLEMS WITH CONVENTIONAL DRILLING

• RISERLESS DRILLING OF TOP HOLES IN DEEP WATER
• SHALLOW GEOHAZARDS
• SHALLOW GAS
• ABNORMALLY PRESSURED AQUIFERS
• WELLBORE INSTABILITY
• INDUSTRY STANDARD SINGLE-PASS HEAVY VISCOUS
  MUD, AKA PUMP DUMP

5
PROBLEMS WITH CONVENTIONAL DRILLING

• RIGS WITH SURFACE BOP STACKS IN SHALLOW WATER
• SHALLOW GEOHAZARDS
• LOSS CIRCULATION/STUCK PIPE
• SLOW ROP
• FLAT TIME ASSOCIATED WITH KICKS
• HT/HP WELLS
• EXTENDED REACH WELLS

6
PROBLEMS WITH CONVENTIONAL DRILLING

• RIGS WITH SUBSEA BOP STACKS
• SAME PROBLEMS AS SHALLOW WATER, PLUS
• NARROW FRACTURE TO PORE PRESSURE MARGINS
• KICK/LOSS SITUATIONS
• EXCESSIVE CASING PROGRAMS
• DRILLING FLAT TIME MORE COSTLY
• CIRCULATIING OUT KICKS
• DEALING WITH RISER GAS
• BIT TRIPS

7
UNDERBALANCED, OFFSHORE?

• DONT HAVE ROOM ON MY RIG.
• WELLBORE INSTABILITY IS OFTEN MY PROBLEM.
• CANT DEAL WITH A FLARE.
• THE REGULATORY AGENCY WONT LET ME DO IT
  ANYWAY.
• ..END OF DISCUSSION

8
OFFSHORE INDUSTRY HAS NOT BEEN PAYING ENOUGH
ATTENTION TO UBD

• UBD OFFERS A CLOSED AND PRESSURIZE-ABLE MUD
  RETURNS SYSTEM.
• ABILITY TO ADJUST ECD AND/OR BOTTOMHOLE PRESSURES
  WITH LESS DENSE DRILLIING FLUID WHILE DRILLING
  AHEAD.
• GOOD WELL CONTROL TRACK RECORD.
• REAL-TIME WELLBORE PRESSURE MANAGEMENT CONTROL.
• EQUIPMENT CAN BE PRE-TESTED QUALIFIED.

9
MPD DEFINITION TOOLS

• MANAGED PRESSURE DRILLING (MPD) -
• THE USE OF PRESSURE AND FRICTION GENERATED BY
  CIRCULATING FLUID COMPOSITION AND VELOCITY TO
  PRECISELY MANAGE WELLBORE PRESSURES WITHIN A
  DESIRED RANGE. THE INTENT IS NOT TO ALLOW
  UNDERBALANCED CONDITIONS.
• TOOLS REQUIRED
• AT THE VERY LEAST, A SURFACE, SUBSEA, OR
  OFFSHORE VARIATION OF A ROTATING CONTROL DEVICE
  PLUS OTHER EQUIPMENT DEVELOPED FOR UBD AS
  DICTATED BY SPECIFIC MPD OBJECTIVES.

10
OFFSHORE MANAGED PRESSURE DRILLING

• STEP-CHANGE WEVE BEEN LOOKING FOR
• UBDS CLOSED-SYSTEM USED TO MORE PRECISELY MANAGE
  CONTROL WELLBORE PRESSURES
• NO PRODUCED HYDROCARBONS
• LESS THAN FULL UBD KIT REQUIRED
• APPLICABLE TO MOST EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
• ADDRESSES MOST STATUS-QUO RESISTANCE TO NEW
  TECHNOLOGY

11
MPD

• PRECISE WELLBORE PRESSURE MANAGEMENT CAN OVERCOME
  80 OF DRILLING RELATED BARRIERS FACING
  CONVENTIONAL OFFSHORE DRILLING.
• AVOIDS MOST OF STATUS QUO RESISTANCE ARGUMENTS.
• GIVE INDUSTRY FAMILIARITY WITH UBD EQUIPMENT
  TECHNOLOGY.
• CONVENTIONAL TO MPD IS A STEP-CHANGE
• MPD TO TRUE UBD, THE NEXT STEP-CHANGE

12
MPD AS AN ENABLER

• OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES BENEFIT FROM MPD
  TECHNOLOGY
• DUAL GRADIENT, ALL VARIATIONS
• DRILLING WITH CASING
• SLIM RISER DEEP WATER DRILLING WITH A SURFACE BOP

13
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

• DUAL GRADIENT (3 VARIATIONS)
• EXPANDABLE LINERS
• DUAL WORK CENTER RIG DESIGNS
• HYBRED AND EARLY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
• DRILLING WITH CASING
• COMPOSITE RISER SYSTEMS
• REDUCED DIAMETER RISER SYSTEMS
• COMPOSITE MOORING LINES
• UNDERBALANCED DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

14
LETS FACE SOME FACTS ABOUT UB TECHNOLOGY

• THE WORLDS FIRST ECONOMICALLY VIABLE WELL WAS
  DRILLED UB WITH A CABLE TOOL RIG AND WHEN A
  BLOWOUT WAS CONSIDERED A POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT.
• IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS, A SURFACE BLOWOUT HAS
  NEVER BEEN A POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT.
• TODAY, MODERN UBDS CLOSED-SYSTEM DRILLING HAS
  ESTABLISHED A MUCH BETTER WELL CONTROL TRACK
  RECORD THAN CONVENTONAL OVERBALANCED AND
  OPEN-SYSTEM DRILLING.
• THE WORLDS LAST ECONOMICALLY VIABLE WELL, ON OR
  OFFSHORE, WILL UNDOUBTEDLY HAVE TO BE DRILLED
  UB, SO SPEAKS THE LAWS OF NATURE.
• ITS TIME TO LOOK AT OFFSHORE APPLICATIONS OF UBD
  TECHNOLOGY WITH AN OPEN MIND.

15
MANAGED PRESSURE DRILLING APPLICATIONS INDEX

• MATRIX STYLE INDEX FORMED AS REFERENCE MATERIAL
  TO DETERMINE VIABLE SOLUTIONS TO CONVENTIONAL
  OFFSHORE DRILLING OBSTACLES USING KNOWN UB
  EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES, AS WELL AS ASSIST IN
  ENCOURAGING MOVEMENT OF MPD AHEAD.
• GUIDED USER-INTERFACE FORM ALLOWS USER TO VIEW
  GRAPHICS AND ANIMATIONS OF TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES ,
  AT THE SAME TIME LEARNING MORE ABOUT MPD
  TECHNIQUES