Clean Diesel Options NOACA 13 December 2006

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Clean Diesel OptionsNOACA 13 December 2006

• Edward Woods
• Territory Manager, Emissions Solutions Group

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Region 5 Ozone and PM 2.5 Nonattainment Areas
104 Full Counties 11 Partial Counties
PM 2.5 Nonattainment (11 Counties)
Ozone Nonattainment (52 Counties)
Ozone and PM 2.5 Nonattainment (52 Counties)
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Diesel Technology

• Diesel is the workhorse of the economy
• Efficient
• Durable
• Clean

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What Are Diesel Engine Emissions?

• Diesel engines produce four regulated emissions

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Hydrocarbons (HC)
C
Particulate Matter (PM)
SOF
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
SO4

• The emphasis is historically on NOx and PM
• NOx and PM act as tradeoffs
• During combustion, the sulfur in fuel converts to
  S02

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The Impact on the Environment
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Technology Advances

• Emissions Reduction through
• Advanced Combustion Management
• Application of Aftertreatment
• Maintaining the Customer Requirements
• Fuel Economy
• Reliability
• Durability

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Changing Emissions Regulations
Exhaust Emissions
Fuel
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• Contracts may be contingent upon meeting emission
  reduction strategies.
• Emission clauses in bid specifications
• Stringent site and permit requirements
• Increased enforcement efforts
• Documentation requirements
• Increased emphasis on maintenance records
• Expanded range of products and technologies

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What About Legacy Engines?

• Diesel Advantage of Long Life
• Important Capital Asset for Owners

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Solutions Overview
Emissions Upgrade Group
Engine Repowers
Rental Equipment
Emissions Retrofit
Cleaner Fuels
Retire Replace
Aftertreatment Filter/Catalysts
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Retrofit
The adaptation of emissions reduction
technologies to existing products to reduce
emissions output.
Off-Highway On-Highway
Stationary
Emissions Upgrade Group
Repower
Selective Catalytic Reduction
Emissions Upgrade Group
Diesel Particulate Filter
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
Catalyzed Converter Muffler
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
Diesel Particulate Filter
Diesel Particulate Filter
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EPA Retrofit Technology Verification

• Retrofit technology can be any change to an
  engine system above and beyond what is required
  by EPA regulations that improves the engines
  emission performance
• Aftertreatment (catalyst, filter, etc)
• Engine upgrade and Early engine replacement
• Use of cleaner fuels
• Idling control equipment and other reduced idling
  strategies
• Combination of above, others
• Technology Verification
• EPA has a rigorous testing program for evaluating
  technologies
• Memorandum of Agreement between EPA and CARB
• Collaboration with Texas

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Emissions Retrofit Upgrade Groups
An innovative use of previously certified
technology!

• Available for select off-road applications
• Upgrade at overhaul from unregulated to Tier 1
  levels
• Cost effective solutions
• Same OEM reliability and serviceability

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Emissions Retrofit Engine Repowers
Reducing emissions by replacing pre-Tier 1
engines in vehicles with regulated engines.

• Prepares for aftertreatment
• Primary NOx solution for Retrofit

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Repower Considerations

• Installation
• Engine and support systems must fit
• Performance
• Specifications must match to maintain the drive
  train reliability and overall performance
• Operation
• No modification can adversely affect the basic
  machine operation

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Aftertreatment Technologies
Oxidation Catalyst CO HC Reduction Soon to be
an EPA requirement on stationary
engines gt 500 hp
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) NOx
Reduction Requires Urea Additive Controls
Three-Way Catalyst NOx, CO, HC Reduction Rich
Burn Gas Engines Only
Particulate Filter Particulate
Reduction Application and Fuel Specific
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SCR System Schematic
N2 CO2H2O
NOx
(NH2)2CO H2O

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Particulate Filter Application Considerations

• Installation
• Specifications must match the machine type or
  application
• Performance
• Need to have a regeneration strategy
• Operation
• Requires the use of ULSD fuel
• Includes warning device

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966G Series II
966G Series I
950G Series I
966G Series I
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Alternative Diesel Fuels

• Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (lt15 ppm sulfur)
• ULSD meeting Cat distillate fuel specifications
  may be used in all Caterpillar engines
• Biodiesel
• Up to B20 for engines gt 150 HP
• Up to B5 for engines lt 150 HP
• Must meet Caterpillars biodiesel specification,
  ASTM D6751, or EN 14214

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How to Choose the Right Retrofit Solution
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Overview 2 Fleet Customers

• 354 Pieces of Equipment
• Mostly Caterpillar
• Primarily road construction
• Scrapers
• Track Type Tractors
• Road Graders
• Excavators
• Articulated Haul Trucks

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NOx, CO HC Emissions Reduction 2 Fleet
Customers

• As-Is 263,510 KG
• Proposed 119,111 kg
• Reduction
• 144,399 KG
• 55

• Hardware
• Engine Upgrade
• Engine Repower
• Catalyzed Silencer (CCM)

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PM Emissions Reduction 2 Fleet Customers

• Hardware
• Engine Upgrade
• Engine Repower
• Catalyzed Silencer (CCM)

• As-Is 10,716 KG
• Proposed 9,242 kg
• Reduction
• 1,473 KG
• 14

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Diesel Technology Summary

• Achieved significant gains in clean diesel
  technology
• Retrofit of the legacy diesel fleet is possible
• Industry support is in place to move retrofit
  forward
• Numerous technologies are available development
• Technologies can be combined to reduce emissions

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www.cat.com/emissionssolutions