Atmospheric Profile Retrievals From GIFTS-IOMI

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Atmospheric Profile Retrievals From GIFTS-IOMI
Jun Li (UW MURI Co-I) Allen H.-L. Huang (UW MURI
PI) and CIMSS collaborators Cooperative Institute
for Meteorological Satellite Studies Space
Science and Engineering Center University of
Wisconsin-Madison UW MURI Workshop, 14 - 15 May
2002, Madison, Wisconsin
UW-Madison
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(1600)
Geostationary Sounders ( of channels)
GOES Advanced Baseline Sounder (2012, operational)
(1600)
GIFTS-IOMI (2005, experimental)
(18)
GOES Sounder (1994, operational)
(12)
VAS (1981, experimental)
time
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GIFTS-IOMI Sounding Characteristics
Coverage Rate Variable Horizontal
Resolution 4 km Spectral Coverage (band1) 685
- 1150cm-1 (8.7 - 14.6µm)Spectral Coverage
(band2) 1650 - 2250cm-1 (4.4 - 6.1µm) Vertical
resolution 1 km Accuracy Vertical
Temperature 1 K Vertical WV mixing ratio 10 20

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Physical retrieval algorithm is developed, two
retrieval schemes are used (1) Maximum
Likelihood method (data assimilation in NWP)
which needs Radiance measurements and
observation errors Atmospheric background info.
(from forecast or climatology) First guess from
regression or background Error covariance matrix
of background RTM, linearized RTM and
adjoint (2) Regularization Method (retrieval
processing) which needs Radiance measurements
and observation errors First guess from
regression or other sources RTM, linearized RTM
and adjoint
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Regularization Inversion
Equations
Unknowns
Solutions
Newton Iteration
1. Empirical (Susskind 1984 Smith 1985 Hayden
1988) 2. Discrepancy Principle (Li and Haung
1999)
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Methods for Jacobian calculations (1) Linear
Model (1 BT calculation for T/q/O3) (under
progress) (2) Brute force perturbation (2L BT
calculation for T/q/O3) (Yes) (3) Transmittance
ratio method (2 BT calculation for T/q/O3)
(Yes) (4) Approx. Analytical form (0.2 BT
calculation for T/q/O3) (Yes)
1 2 3 4
More accurate
Less accurate
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GIFTS LW 650 - 1150 cm-1
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GIFTS SMW 1650 - 2250 cm-1
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(Ts-Ta)5K
(Ts-Ta)0K
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Detection of Temperature Inversions Possible with
Interferometer
GOES
GOES
Wavenumber (cm-1)
The detection of inversions is critical for
severe weather forecasting. Combined with
improved low-level moisture depiction, critical
ingredients for night-time severe storm
development over the Plains can be monitored.
Knowing if there is an inversion can also help
improve the profiles estimates.
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Simulated GIFTS observations, 9 January 2001,
Lat44.50, Lon93.43, Time12UTC
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850 hPa temperature time 1
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850 hPa temperature time 2
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100 hPa temperature time 1
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100 hPa temperature time 2
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Surface skin temp time 1
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Surface skin temp time 2
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700 hPa moisture (g/kg) time 1
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700 hPa moisture (g/kg) time 2
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Summary and Future Work

• GIFTS-IOMI will resolve high temporal and
  vertical fluctuations of moisture that are not
  resolved by current in-situ or satellite
  measurements.
• Cube study shows GIFTS-IOMI is capable of
  depicting the gradient of temperature and
  moisture field.
• Only geostationary high spectral resolution
  interferometer observes critical meteorological
  parameters (temperature, moisture, clouds, winds)
  with necessary temporal, spatial and vertical
  resolutions to support future
• Nowcasting,
• Short-range weather forecasting, and
• Longer-range numerical weather prediction.
• Future work includes further cube study, using
  newest forward model, profile retrieval under
  cloudy skies, using AIRS data for algorithm
  validation.