OVERVIEW OF NFPA 70E (2004 Edition)

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OVERVIEW OF NFPA 70E (2004 Edition)
Standards for Electrical Safety-Related Work
Practice Requirements for Employee Workplaces
Presented By Steven Strayer, CIH, CSP, REHS,
RS Cocciardi and Associates, Inc. (717)
766-4500 [phone] (fax) sstrayer_at_cocciardi.c
om
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Electrical Hazards

• Shock 1,000 fatalities per year, gt50 from lt600
  volts
• Arc-flash
• 35,000o F
• 2,000 severe burn cases per year
• Kill out to 10 feet
• Arc-blast
• Cu expands 67,000 xs from solid to gas
• Pressures thousands of pounds per square feet
• Noise gt160 dB
• Molten shrapnel gt700 mph

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Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA)

• Worker protection police
• General industry (1910) and construction (1926)
• Subpart S electrical
• Methods to eliminate/minimize electrical hazards
• Safe work practices (1910.331-335)
• Training requirement (1910.332)
• Problem Limited specificity (ex. Flash
  protection)

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NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the
Workplace Background / History

• Assist OSHA in developing workplace safety
• (NFPA 70 NEC Limited Application)
• Four Parts to 70E
• Installation Safety Requirements
• Now Chapter 4 (Articles 400 450)
• Safety Related Work Practices
• Now Chapter 1 (Articles 100 130)
• Safety Related Maintenance Requirements
• Now Chapter 2 (Articles 200 250)
• Safety Requirements for Special Equipment
• Now Chapter 3 (Articles 300 340)

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History

• 1979 1st Edition (Part I Only)
• 1981 2nd Edition (Added Part II)
• 1983 3rd Edition (Added Part III)
• 1988 4th Edition (Minor Revisions)
• 1995 5th Edition (Revised Part I and II)
• 2000 6th Edition (Revised Part II and Added IV)
  
• 2004 7th Edition (Revised Title Format,
  and
• primarily Part II)
• NEC format
• Chapters/articles
• Part II now Chapter 1

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Scope

• Public and private premises including building,
  structures, mobile homes, RVs, and floating
  buildings
• Yards, lots, parking lots, carnivals, and
  industrial sub-stations
• Installations used by electric utilities, such as
  offices, buildings, warehouses, garages, machine
  shops, recreational that are not an integral part
  of a generating plant, sub-station, or control
  station
• Conductors that connect installations to a supply
  of electricity

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Not Covered

• Installations in ships, watercraft, railway
  rolling stock, aircraft, or automotive vehicles
  other than mobile homes and RVs
• Installations underground in mines
• Installation of railways
• Installation of communication equipment (must be
  exclusive control of communication utilities)
• Installation under exclusive control of electric
  utilities (service laterals/meters,
  rights-of-ways/easements, and property owned or
  leased for purpose of generation, transmission,
  transformation, etc.)

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CHAPTER 1 Safety-Related Work Practices

• On Hold For Further Examination

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Chapter 2 Safety Related Maintenance
Requirements

• Preserving or restoring the condition of
  electrical equipment and installations for
  employee safety.
• Article 200 Introduction
• Article 205 General Maintenance Requirements
• Article 210 Substations, Switchgear Assemblies,
  Switchboards, Panel Boards, Motor Control
  Centers, and Disconnect Switches
• Article 215 Premises Wiring
• Article 220 Controller Equipment
• Article 225 Fuses and Circuit Breakers
• Article 230 Rotating Equipment
• Article 235 Hazardous (Classified) Locations
• Article 240 Batteries and Battery Rooms
• Article 245 Portable Electric Tools and
  Equipment
• Article 250 Personal Safety and Protective
  Equipment (Inspections and Testing)

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Chapter 3 Safety Requirements For Special
Equipment

• Special Equipment Includes
• Article 300 Introduction
• Article 310 Electrolytic Cells
• Article 320 Batteries/Battery Rooms
• Article 330 - Lasers

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CHAPTER 4 INSTALLATION SAFETY
REQUIREMENTSBased on NFPA 70 - NEC

• Article 400
• General Requirements for Electrical
  Installations
• Article 410
• Wiring Design and Protection
• Article 420
• Wiring Methods, Components, and Equipment for
  General Use
• Article 430
• Specific Purpose Equipment and Installations
• Article 440
• Hazardous (Classified) Locations Class I, II,
  and III, Divisions I and II, and Class I, Zones
  0, I and II
• Article 450
• Special Systems

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Chapter 1 SRWP

• Article 100 Definitions
• Qualified Person
• Unqualified Person
• Limited Approach Boundary
• Restricted Approach Boundary
• Prohibited Approach Boundary
• Flash Protection Boundary
• Energized Electrical Work/Electrically Safe Work
  Condition
• Article 110 General
• Practices/Procedures for employees working on or
  near energized conductors/circuit parts and
  unqualified individuals with other equipment
• Change Multi-employer worksites Hazcom

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• Training
• Risk of electrical hazard not reduced to a safe
  level by Chapter 4
• Classroom/OTJ Degree determined by risk
• Include emergency procedures First Aid/CPR,
  Methods of Release

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• Qualified Persons
• Precautionary Techniques
• PPE
• Insulating/Shielding Materials/Tools
• Test Equipment
• Distinguishing Live Parts
• Determine Nominal/Voltage
• Approach Distances
• Hazard Evaluation (Including Non-electrical)
• OJT personnel if under direct QP supervision

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• Unqualified Persons
• Awareness
• Precautions
• Hazards
• Electrical Safety Program
• Provide awareness and self-discipline
• ID electrical safety principals
• Inspect/evaluate
• Insulation and enclosure integrity
• Plan and document procedures
• Deenergize
• Anticipating the unexpected
• ID and minimize hazards
• Employee protection

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• ID Electrical Safety Controls
• Assumed energized
• No bare-hand contact
• Deenergizing procedures
• Training
• Equipment use for ID of hazards
• Equipment training
• Categorize tasks

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• ID procedures when working on gt50 volts
• Purpose
• Qualifications
• Hazard/extent of task
• Limits of approach
• Safe work practices
• PPE
• Insulating tools/materials
• Special precautions
• Diagrams/details/pictures
• References

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• Hazard/risk evaluation procedures
• Job briefing(s) each shift or more
• G. Work Permit Procedures

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CHAPTER II General Requirements For Electrical
Work Practices

• On/near exposed electric conductors
• Electrically safe work conditions
• Exceptions - ? 50 volts
• Additional increased hazard
• Operations or equipment design

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• Article 120 Establishing On Electrically Safe
  Work
• Condition
• Must follow LO/TO procedures and confirm
  (Test)
• Reference 29CFR1910.147
• Article 130 Working On or Near Live Parts
• Change
• Energized Electrical Work Permit
• Circuit/equipment description
• Justification
• Safe work practices
• Shock hazard analysis and boundaries
• PPE
• Documentation of job briefing
• Authorization
• Exception - Voltage measurements
• - Testing
• - Troubleshooting
• B. Shock Hazard Analysis/Boundaries

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• Approach Boundaries
• Limited
• Restricted
• Prohibited

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• Flash Hazard Analysis and Boundaries
• 4ft (? 600 volts and not greater than 300 kA
  cycles)
• Calculation of boundary (incident energy) for
  gt600 volts
• Boundary at 5 j/cm2 (1.2 cal/cm2)
• PPE Conform to ANSI/ASTM criteria

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• Hazard/Risk Category Classification Table
• Categories 1 4 (can be -1)
• PPE ranges from t-shirt/pants to flash suits and
  shields
• Also addresses need for voltage rated gloves and
  tools
• Clothing material
• Category 0 natural fibers (weight gt4.5
  oz/yd2) (assume lt2 cal/cm2)
• Category 1 flame resistant (4 cal/cm2)
• Category 2 1 plus cotton underwear (8
  cal/cm2)
• Category 3 2 plus FR coveralls (25 cal/cm2)
• Category 4 2 plus multi-layer flash suit
  (40 cal/cm2)
• Synthetics which melt below 600o F

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• LIMITED APPROACH BOUNDARY
• No unqualified persons, unless advised of
  hazards, escorted by QP
• Conditions for qualified persons
• Flash protection
• RESTRICTED APPROACH BOUNDARY
• Qualified person Do not cross or take a
  conductive object past, unless
• Person is insulated
• Live part is insulated
• Person is insulated from other conductive objects
• PROHIBITED APPROACH BOUNDARY
• Qualified person
• Only if body part is insulated

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PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT (PPE)

• Conform to ANSI/ASTM Standards
• Based on hazard/risk evaluations

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• OTHER COMPONENTS
• Alertness
• Blind reaching
• Illumination ANSI IES-RP-7-1991 Generally
  50-100 foot candles depending on
• Age
• Speed
• Accuracy
• Background Reflection
• Conductive Articles

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OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

• Insulated tools (within Limited Approach
  Boundary)
• Ropes/handlines
• Grounding equipment/GFCIs
• Ladders
• Rubber insulating equipment
• Physical/mechanical barriers no closer than
  Restricted Approach Boundary
• Alerting
• Signs/tags
• Barricades
• Attendants

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USE OF SPECIFIC SAFETY RELATED EQUIPMENT AND WORK
PRACTICES

• Test instruments
• Energizing/de-energizing
• Portable electrical equipment
• Conductive work locations (GFCIs)
• Connecting plugs
• LOCKOUT/TAGOUT PRACTICES
• AND DEVICES

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Questions / Answers