The Civil War

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The Civil War
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(No Transcript)
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THE U.S. DIVIDES ALONG SECTIONAL LINES
SECTION 1 Slavery and States Rights

• Disagreements over slavery
• North-South economic differences
• Disagreements over states rights
• Fugitive Slave Act (1850)
• Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
• Election of Abraham Lincoln (1860)

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REASONS SOME TEXANS WANTED TO SECEDE
SECTION 1 Slavery and States Rights

• Most Texans supported slavery
• After the election of Lincoln they feared slavery
  might be abolished

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SECTION 1 Slavery and States Rights

• disagreements over slavery
• North-South economic differences
• disagreements over states rights
• Fugitive Slave Act (1850)
• Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

• formation of Republican Party (1854)
• Dred Scott decision (1857)
• John Browns raid (1859)
• Election of Abraham Lincoln (1860)

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TEXANS RESPOND TO THE CALL FOR ARMS
SECTION 2 The Civil War Begins

• Thousands joined the Confederate Army
• Others contributed by making war supplies

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TEXANS PREPARE FOR WAR
SECTION 2 The Civil War Begins

• Seized federal military supplies
• Established new industries including a gunpowder
  mill and a cannon and ammunition factory
• Produced supplies and cattle, cotton, and food
  for the military

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MAJOR BATTLES OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE WAR
SECTION 2 The Civil War Begins

• First Battle of Bull Run July 1861
• Battle of Antietam September 1862
• Battle of Gettysburg June 1863
• Battle of Shiloh April 1862
• Battle of Vicksburg July 4, 1863

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MAIN STRATEGIES OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE WAR
SECTION 2 The Civil War Begins

• North establish a naval blockade to prevent
  goods and war supplies from entering or leaving
  Confederate ports gain control of the
  Mississippi River to cut the South in two
  capture Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate
  capital

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MAIN STRATEGIES OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE WAR
SECTION 2 The Civil War Begins

• South fight a defensive war and wear down the
  Unions will to fight use cotton diplomacy by
  denying cotton to European textile markets in
  hopes of persuading European countries to
  recognize and support the Confederacy

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SECTION 2 The Civil War Begins

• establish a naval blockade to prevent goods and
  war supplies from entering or leaving Confederate
  ports
• gain control of the Mississippi River to cut the
  South in two
• capture Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate
  capital

• fight a defensive war and wear down the Unions
  will to fight
• use cotton diplomacy by denying cotton to
  European textile markets in hopes of persuading
  European countries to recognize and support the
  Confederacy

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CAMPAIGNS FOUGHT IN AND NEAR TEXAS
SECTION 3 Campaigns in Texas and the Southwest

• The New Mexico Campaign Texas forces marched
  into the New Mexico territory. The desert climate
  made the march hard and weakened the troops.
  Texans retreated when they ran out of supplies
• The Galveston Campaign control of Galveston
  went back and forth but finally resulted in the
  Confederacy taking control

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CAMPAIGNS FOUGHT IN AND NEAR TEXAS
SECTION 3 Campaigns in Texas and the Southwest

• The Battle of Sabine Pass the Union planned to
  go through Sabine Pass to capture Houston and
  Galveston. A Confederate victory stopped a Union
  invasion of Texas.
• The Coast and South Texas Union forces wanted
  to stop the trade between Brownsville and
  Matamoros
• The Red River Campaign Confederate forces
  turned back the Union attack in Texas

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SECTION 3 Campaigns in Texas and the Southwest
gain control of the South-west and its valuable
mines gain access to Pacific ports
Texas troops were forced to retreat. Union
forces retained control of the Southwest.
regain control of the important Texas port at
Galveston
Texas forces and cottonclads regained control of
Galveston.
stop a Union invasion of Texas up Sabine Pass
Texas troops turned back the invading Union
gunboats.
protect border region and trade routes with Mexico
Texas troops drove Union forces from the
mainland.
stop Union invasions up the Red River and from
Arkansas
Confederate forces defeated both invasions.
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LIFE FOR TEXANS DURING THE CIVIL WAR
SECTION 4 The Texas Home Front

• Texans suffered many hardships
• Goods were scarce and very expensive
• To feed the army, crop production increased
• Women and children joined the war effort by
  working at various tasks that supported the war
  effort

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CIVIL WAR AND THE DRAFT EFFECT ON UNIONISTS
SECTION 4 The Texas Home Front

• Sparked fierce opposition
• Some refused to fight for either side and fled
  Texas to avoid the draft
• Confederate officials regarded some Unionists as
  traitors, which resulted in martial law rule by
  armed forces
• Some suspected Unionists faced martial law and
  violence

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SECTION 4 The Texas Home Front
Many Texas men were fighting in the war.
Volunteers did not provide enough soldiers for
the Confederacy.
Union naval block-ade prevented trade. Many
goods sent to the army.
Women and men at home ran farms, worked in
factories, and organized groups to aid in the war
effort.
White men between 18 and 35 had to serve (later
between 17 and 50). Draft loopholes led to some
opposition.
Texans used substitute items, made more items by
hand, and grew more corn and wheat for the army.
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FINAL EVENTS AND BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR
SECTION 5 The End of the War

• Union forces gradually pushed Confederate forces
  back in 1864
• General Sherman takes Savannah, Georgia in his
  March to the Sea in December 1864
• General Lee surrenders to General Grant at
  Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia in April 1865
• Confederate soldiers briefly continue fighting at
  Palmito Ranch near Brownsville, Texas

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SECTION 5 The End of the War
In eastern Virginia, Grants Union army is
engaging Lees forces. Both sides are suffering
heavy losses, but the larger Union force is
keeping Lee on the defensive as it drives toward
Richmond.
Union forces under General Sherman have taken
Savannah, Georgia. Their March to the Sea has
left in its wake a trail of devastation.
Confederate general Hoods outnumbered forces
were powerless to stop it.