English as a Second Language Teaching Techniques

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English as a Second Language Teaching Techniques

• Escuela Americana
• September, 2004

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The Grammar-Translation Method

• The students read in English and learn by
  translating what they have read.
• There is an emphasis in grammar and in vocabulary
  development
• There is a practical emphasis in the translation
  of one language to another.

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Techniques of the Grammar Translation Method

• Paragraph Translation
• Reading Comprehension Questions
• Synonyms and Antonyms
• Memorizing
• Sentence Construction to Practice New Words

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The Direct Method

• The student must learn how to think in English to
  be able to communicate in English
• There is more emphasis on vocabulary development
  than on grammar it seeks to associate words and
  meanings
• The students learn the daily use of the language
  and the culture of countries that speak English
• Self-evaluation is important

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Direct Method Techniques

• Reading Aloud
• Dictation
• Question and Answer Exercises
• Conversation Practice
• Paragraph Writing
• Students Self-correct work done in class

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The Audio-Lingual Method

• Multisensorial Education Scheme
• New structural patterns and vocabulary are
  presented through conversations
• Emphasis on mastering grammatical patterns.
• Priorities in the Abilities Hierarchy
  Speaking, Listening, Reading and Writing

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Audio-Lingual Method Techniques

• Memorizing Conversations
• Grammar Games
• Exercises in Backward Building
• Simple Substitution Exercises
• Multiple Substitution Exercises
• Completing Conversations
• Verbal Question/Answer Exercises

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Desuggestopedia

• Emphasizes common use of the language and daily
  communication skills
• The goal is to do away with anxiety or
  psychological barriers that the students may
  bring into the classroom
• Emphasizes vocabulary development and effective
  communication

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Desuggestopedia Techniques

• Decorating the classroom
• Peripheral Learning
• Positive Sugestion
• Choose a New Identity
• Role Playing Games
• Creative Adaptations

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Community Language Learning

• The focus is centered on the person
• We all learn from each other
• The student assumes the primary responsibility of
  learning
• The students submit ideas regarding what they
  wish to learn
• Priorities To understand and to speak English

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Community Language Learning Techniques

• Record student conversations
• Transcribes Texts
• Reflect on Learning Experiences
• Reflective Listening of Own Voice in English
• The Human Computer

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Total Physical Response

• English comprehension is a requisite for further
  linguistic production
• Instruction and modeling are essential the
  stress of learning a new language is reduced
• Emphasis on grammatical structures and vocabulary
  development

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Técnicas del Total Physical Response

• Uso de Instrucciones para Dirigir Conducta
• Roles Reversibles
• Secuencias de Acción

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Important Conclusions

• The methods share common traits.
• The methods can be combined and and complement
  each other.
• Rational eclecticism is a good strategy for
  selecting and combining methods in the classroom.
• We must continue our learning process in order to
  be better educators.

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Additional Sources

• Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching
  (2000) Diane Larsen-Freeman, Oxford Press
• www.freevocabulary.com