TILT Modules 7

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TILT Modules 78Computer Hardware

• Component 7

Paul Reading TA NBDO 2002
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Control and Processor Sub Systems

• Control and processing mainly carried out by
  Microprocessor or CPU
• Increasing number of functions being carried out
  by specialist processors such as -Maths
  co-processor, Graphics accelerators

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The Microprocessor ( CPU)

• The CPU can be thought of as the brain or central
  nervous system of the computer. Composed up of
  three parts
• the arithmetic unit
• the control unit
• the main memory
• CPU coordinates the actions of the entire system.

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Factors Affecting Microprocessor Capacity

• Word size (number of binary digits or bits that
  can be accessed and processed in one operation)
• 4 bit (Very early computers)
• 8 bit (Apple IIe, Microbee)
• 32 bit (most modern computers)
• 64 bit
• Clock speed (sub systems are synchronised by
  pulses generated by the internal clock -vibrating
  crystal)
• Measured in MHz (million cycles per second)

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Factors Affecting Microprocessor Capacity

• Storage
• Primary
• Random Access Memory RAM
• Read Only Memeory ROM
• Virtual Memory
• Secondary
• Floppy Disk
• Hard Disk
• CD
• ZIP Disk

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Bits and Bytes

• Bit (Binary digIT) fundamental unit of data
• Has one of only two possible values
• Eight bits one byte
• Kilo refers to 1024
• 1 kilobyte (Kb) 1024 bytes
• 1 megabyte (MB) 1024 X 1024 1 048 576 bytes
• 1 gigabyte (GB)1024 X 1024 X 1024 1 073 741 824
  bytes

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System Information
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Five Component Model

• Input
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Scanner
• ??????

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Five Component Model

• Process
• CPU
• Maths coprocessor
• Graphics accelerator card
• Control
• CPU

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Five Component Model

• Storage
• Ram
• ROM
• Floppy Disk
• Hard Disk
• CD
• ZIP Disk

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Five Component Model

• Output
• Printer Monitor
• CD Burner
• ?????

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Buses, Expansion Slots Cards

• The bus is a circuit along which data travels
• Expansion Slots are sockets into which various
  cards can be placed
• Expansion cards increase functionality and
  capability

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Microcomputer Expansion Buses
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Slots and Cards

• ISA Industry Standard Architecture
• EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture
• VESA Video Electronic Standards Association
• PCI Peripheral Connect Interface
• PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card
  International Association
• SCSI Small Computer System Interface
• USB Universal Serial Bus

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