ITE 272 Intro to IT II

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ITE 272 Intro to IT II

• UNIX/LINUX Overview
• Partitioning

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Intro to UNIX

• Family of operating systems
• Linux created by Linus Torvalds
• Differ in interfaces
• Distributions (Distros)
• RedHat
• Fedora
• SUSE / Novell
• and many more supported and unsupported versions

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Architecture

• Layered approach
• Device driver layer closest to hardware
• Kernel layer actual operating system
• File mgmt, primary/secondary storage mgmt,
  interprocess communication, process mgmt, and CPU
  scheduler
• Supports multiprocessing

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UNIX shell

• Starts when user logs in
• Interprets commands and executes them

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Applications Layer

• User interface
• Typical system has hundreds of applications
• Execute library functions or perform system calls
• Interact with OS via GUI or command line interface

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• Partitioning

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Partitioning

• What is partitioning?
• The dividing of a hard drive into isolated parts.
• All operating systems require the drive to be
  partitioned.
• Requires at least one.
• How should it be configured?
• Depends on the Operating System
• Depends on intended use

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Partitioning

• Hard Drives are accessed via
• Physical drive
• Logical drive
• Method of addressing (naming) and accessing
  depends on the Operating System.

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Partition Types

• Primary
• Max 4 per physical drive without extended
• Max 3 per physical drive with extended
• Does not have to be created before an extended
• Are not required (OS Specific)
• Only one active at a given time
• Must be formatted
• Are accessed by assignment given by OS
• Windows ? C\, D\, etc
• Linux ? /dev/hda1, /dev/hdb2

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Partition Types

• Extended
• Divided into logical drives
• Is not formatted
• Is not assigned
• Used as a container for logical drives

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Partition Types

• Logical
• Sub-partition of an extended partition
• Must be formatted
• Is assigned by the OS
• Unlimited in number (per OS)

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Assignment

• Assignment (addressing) defines how the drive is
  named and accessed within the OS.
• Windows
• Uses drive letters assigned to a primary or
  logical drive(s) within an extended partition for
  both naming and accessing
• C\, D\, E\, etc
• There is really no meaning to the assignment
• C\ could be a logical and D\ a primary
• Not just first come, first serve

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Assignment

• Linux
• Has meaning behind the assignment of the drive.
• Uses two steps
• Naming via device name /dev/hda1
• Accessed via mounting /dev/hda1 ? /home/datafiles

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Assignment

• /dev/hdxy,
• where x defines the physical drive
• a first IDE controller, master drive
• b first IDE controller, slave drive
• c Second IDE controller, master drive
• d Second IDE controller, slave drive
• y defines the partition on the physical drive
• Any number starting at 1
• If there are more than 4 partitions defined then
  the 4th becomes the extended partition and all
  numbers 5 and above define the logical drives in
  the extended partition

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Assignment

• Linux mount points
• Define the following mount points when installing
  Linux in the lab
• /swap ? 2x physical memory
• 512MB machine ? swap of 1024MB
• /boot ? 100MB
• / ? at least 4GB (use 40GB in lab)
• /home and /opt
• Assign remaining drive space as
• /home 1/3 (use 20GB in lab)
• /opt 2/3 (use remaining space)

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Useful Resources

• http//www.linux.org
• www.opensuse.org
• http//www.fedora.redhat.com/

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The End