Oil Field Pump

1
Oil Field Pump

• Ron Sucik
• Chris Page
• Casey Staniec
• Ed Sackley
• November 18, 2005

2
Abstract

• The mechanism chosen for our class project is the
  oil field pump shown in figure (4-16) from The
  Design of Machinery (pg 208). These pumps are
  also known as reciprocating rod pumps. This
  mechanism is a basic four bar that is driven by
  an engine a basic four bar that is driven by an
  engine which will need to move very large masses
  at a constant rotational velocity. The motor
  drives the crank in a circular motion giving the
  mechanism planar motion. This motion is possible
  because it is a four bar, case 1 Grashof
  mechanism (crank rocker). Two critical parameters
  of the pumps operation are the range of motion at
  the end of the rocker arm connected to the pump
  rod, and the length of the crank. Both of these
  factors determine the stress and displacement of
  the mechanism.
• These oil pumps are important today because they
  are still the main source of oil production. The
  four bar itself is a steel structure and has a
  very long lifetime. Most likely the first
  component to wear out is either the pump that is
  submerged into the ground and constantly moving
  up and down. Keeping the friction of the pump as
  low as possible will ensure a longer life for the
  pump. The joints for the connecting rods will
  also need to withstand long periods at high Rpms
  and the high mass of the crank, coupler, and
  rocker. Since they do not require an operator
  they are a safe, simple, and reliable mechanisms.

3
How Oilfield Pumps Work
In the pump system, an electric motor drives a
gear that moves a lever. The lever pushes and
pulls a polishing rod up and down. The polishing
rod is attached to a sucker rod, which is
attached to a pump. This system forces the pump
up and down, creating a suction that draws oil up
through the well.
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How Pumping Works

• In some cases, the oil may be too heavy to flow.
  A second hole is then drilled into the reservoir
  and steam is injected under pressure. The heat
  from the steam thins the oil in the reservoir,
  and the pressure helps push it up the well. This
  process is called enhanced oil recovery.

5
Offshore Oil Field (Caspian Sea)
6
Critical Parameters

• This mechanism is a basic four bar that is driven
  by an engine.
• The motor drives the crank in a circular motion
  giving the mechanism planar motion.
• The range of motion at the end of the rocker arm
  connection to the pump rod.
• The length of the crank.
• Most likely the first component to wear out is
  either the pump that is submerged into the
  ground.
• Keeping the friction of the pump as low as
  possible will ensure a longer life for the pump.
  
• The joints for the connecting rods will also need
  to withstand long periods at high Rpms.

7
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DOF / Grashof Evaluation

• Grueblers Equation M 3L - 2J 3G
• M Degrees of Freedom
• L Number of Links
• J Number of joints
• G Number of grounded links
• 1 3(4) 2(4) 3(1)
• 1 Degree of Freedom
• Grashof Condition, Class 1 (crank rocker) S
  L lt P Q
• S length of shortest link
• L length of longest link
• P length of one remaining link
• Q length of other remaining link
• 14 79.7 lt 80 51.26
• Grashof Condition Confirmed

9
Position analysis

• a 14, b 80, c 51.26, d 79.7 ?(2) 63??
• K1 d/a 79.7/14 5.693
• K2 d/c 79.7/51.26 1.555
• K3 (a2 b2 c2 d2) / (2ac) (142
  802 51.262 79.72) / (2 14 51.26) 1.934
• K4 d/b 79.7/80 .99625
• K5 (c2 d2 a2 b2) / (2ab) (51.262
  79.72 142 802) / (2 14 18) -4.61
• A cos?(2) K1 K2cos?(2) K3 cos (63?)
  5.693 1.555 cos (63?) 1.934 -4.61
• B -2sin?(2) -2sin (63?) -1.782
• C K1 (K2 1)cos?(2) K3 5.693 (1.555
  1)cos (63?) 1.934 6.47
• D cos?(2) K1 K4cos?(2) K5 cos (63?)
  5.693 .99625 cos (63?) -4.61 -9.4
• E -2sin?(2) -2sin (63?) -1.782
• T(3) 2arctan ((-E v(E2 4DF))/(2D))
  2arctan ((1.782 v(1.7822 4-9.41.08)) /
  (2-9.4)) 28.9??
• T(3) 2arctan ((-E v(E2 4DF))/(2D))
  2arctan ((1.782 - v(1.7822 4-9.41.08)) /
  (2-9.4)) -48.2??
• T(4) 2arctan ((-B v(B2 4AC))/(2A)) 2artan
  ((1.782 v(1.7822 4-4.016.47) / (2-4.01))
  93.7??
• T(4) 2arctan ((-B v(B2 4AC))/(2A)) 2artan
  ((1.782 - v(1.7822 4-4.016.47) / (2-4.01))
  -113??

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Velocity Analysis

• a 14, b 80, c 51.26, d 79.7 ?(2) 63?? ,
  ?(3) 28.9??, ?(4) 93.7??, ?2 60 Rpm 6.283
  rad/s
• ?3o (a?2 sin (?(4) ?(2)) / (bsin (?(3)
  ?(4)) (14 60 sin(97.3 63)) / (80
  sin(28.9 93.7) -5.925 Rpm
• ?3 -5.925 Rpm -.6204 rad/s
• ?4o (a?2 sin (?(2) ?(3)) / (csin (?(4)
  ?(3)) (14 60 sin(63 28.9)) / (51.26
  sin(93.7 28.9) 10.154Rpm
• ?4 10.154 Rpm 1.063 rad/s

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Point Velocity Analysis, Pump Head

• V(A) a ?2 (-sin ?(2) j cos ?(2)) 14 6.283
  (-sin (63) j cos (63)) 87.96 ft/s _at_ 153??
• V(BA) b ?3 (-sin ?(3) j cos ?(3)) 80
  -.6204 (-sin (28.9) j cos (28.9)) 49.632 ft/s
  _at_ -61.1??
• V(B) c ?4 (-sin ?(4) j cos ?(4)) 51.26
  1.063 (-sin (93.7) j cos (93.7)) 54.49 ft/s _at_
  -176.3??
• V(P) p ?4 (-sin (?(4) ?(4)) j cos (?(4)
  ? (4)) 51.26 1.063 (-sin (137.2) j cos
  (137.2) 51.2 ft/s _at_ -132.8

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Acceleration Analysis

• a 14, b 80, c 51.26, d 79.7 ?(2) 63?? ,
  ?(3)o 28.9??, ?(4)o 93.7??, ?2 60 Rpm 6.283
  rad/s a20
• Acceleration constants
• a3o (CD AF) / (AE BD) 5.946 rad/s2
• a4o (CE BF) / (AE BD) 10.002 rad/s2
• a3c (CD AF) / (AE BD) 9.829 rad/s2
• a4c (CE BF) / (AE BD) 5.773 rad/s2

OPEN CROSSED
A 51.153 -47.181
B 38.679 -59.655
C 281.672 313.940
D -3.316 -20.026
E 70.028 53.304
F -449.57 -693.509
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Acceleration point analysis

• AA a a2 (-sin ?(2) j cos ?(2)) - a ?22( cos
  ?(2) j sin ?(2))
• AA 14 (0) 14 6.2832 ( cos (63) j sin
  (63)) 552.665 f/s2 _at_ -117 degrees
• AB c a4 (-sin ?(4) j cos ?(4) ) - c ?42 (cos
  ?(4) j sin ?(4) )
• AB 51.26 10.002 ( -sin (93,7) j cos (93.7)
  ) 51.26 1.0632 ( cos (93.7) j sin (93.7) )
• AB 515.96 f/s2 _at_ -169.9 degrees
• ABA b a3 (-sin ?(3) j cos ?(3) ) b ?32
  (cos ?(3) j sin ?(3) )
• ABA 80 5.946 (-sin (28.9) j cos (28.9))
  80 -.62042 ( cos (28.9) j sin (28.9) )
• ABA 476.68 f/s2 _at_ 115.2 degrees

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Working Model
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Position Analysis
16
Velocity Analysis
17
Acceleration Analysis
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Resources Used

• Norton L (2004). DESIGN OF MACHINERY. Chapters
  2-7.
• http//www.howstuffworks.com
• http//images.google.com/
• http//academic.emporia.edu/aberjame/field/flint/o
  il1.jpg

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Problems

• The project it self was understandable, but there
  where major problems with working with the
  computer modeling programs
• 1 AutoCAD design, 1 pro-e design, 2 working model
  to get one report
• Exporting from working model was difficult
• Importing to working model is imposable

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Results

• The results of our analysis were found using the
  analytical analysis learned in class for the DOF,
  position, velocity and acceleration. The results
  of the analysis were first found using the basic
  equations in our book. To check our work we
  decided to use calculator programs first, which
  showed our answers were perfect for the specific
  angle between the ground and bar a. To be sure
  our answers would be right for more than one
  single angle, Working Model and Excel were very
  useful for finding the positions, velocities, and
  accelerations of the mechanism through the cranks
  full rotation.

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Conclusion

• The results we came up with were very accurate
  but difficult and time consuming, especially when
  converting from paper to the computer
• Using Mat Lab would have dramatically reduced the
  amount of time in our calculations, and would
  make our math more readable for the audience.
• Using a radial pump to get the oil would save
  space.
• Solar panels would allow to pump oil in hard to
  get to places.
• It is a good and rugged design and has been used
  for over 50 years.